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Photographic 

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CIHM/ICMH 

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oth( 

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Includes  supplementary  material/ 
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The 
shal 
TINI 
whii 

Map 
diffe 
entii 
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right 
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met 


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Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu^  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

^ 

1 
1 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


re 

Idtails 
es  du 
modifier 
er  une 
Filmage 


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dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 


re 


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et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


y  errata 
id  to 

nt 

le  pelure, 

9on  d 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 

.^^ 


w 


i  i 


.,  ^ 


SMITHSONIAN  MISCELLANEOUS  COLLECTIONS. 

161     — 


.'■>., 


\ 


DICTIONARY 


OF  THE 


CHINOOK    JARGON, 


t 


OB 


TRADE  LANGUAGE  OF  OREGON. 


PREPARED  rOR  THE   SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 


BY 

GEOROE  GIBBS. 


.  J,  - 


WASHINGTON: 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION: 

MARCH,  11563.  "  "     i 


f 


m 
4 


235187 


437 
C53G-  -WW*"" 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


In  1855,  the  Smithsonian  Institution  published  a  Vocabulary  of 
the  Jargon  or  Trade  Language  of  Oregon,  from  a  manuscript  fur- 
nished by  Dr.  B.  Rush  Mitchell,  and  edited  by  Prof.  W.  W.  Turner. 
This  was  necessarily  very  imperfect,  and  in  fact  was  printed  mainly 
with  the  view  of  eliciting  additions  and  corrections,  which  might  be 
used  to  prepare  a  more  perfect  account  of  this  very  remarkable  mix- 
ture of  language.  The  present  work,  which  is  much  more  complete, 
has  been  prepared  by  George  Gibbs,  Esq.,  from  materials  collected  by 
himself  during  a  residence  of  twelve  years  on  the  northwest ,  coast  of 

North  America.  -'f^x^''' 

JOSEPH  HENky. 

Washihqton,  1863. 


f 


I 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

* 

Advertisement « 

Preface 

••••••        ..v 

Bibliography  of  the  Chinook  Jargon ^iii 

Dictionary— Part  I.  Chinook-English j 

Part  II.  English-Chinook 3x 


(iii) 


/'- 


'  1  / 


i  ^ 


PREFACE. 


Some  years  ago  the  Smithsonian  Institution  printed  a  small  vocab- 
ulary of  the  Chinook  Jargon,  furnished  by  Dr.  B.  R.  Mitchell,  of  the 
TJ.  S.  Navy,  and  prepared,  as  I  afterwards  learned,  by  Mr.  Lionnet,  a 
Catholic  priest,  for  his  own  use  while  studying  the  language  at  Chi- 
nook Point.  It  was  submitted  by  the  Institution,  for  revision  and 
preparation  for  the  press,  to  the  late  Professor  W.  W.  Turner.  Al- 
though it  received  the  critical  examination  of  that  distinguished 
philologist,  and  was  of  use  in  directing  attention  to  the  language,  it 
was  deficient  in  the  number  of  words  in  use,  contained  many  which 
did  not  properly  belong  to  the  Jargon,  and  did  not  give  the  sources 
from  which  the  words  were  derived. 

Mr.  Hale  had  previously  given  a  vocabulary  and  account  of  this 
Jargon  in  his  "  Ethnography  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedi- 
tion," which  was  noticed  by  Mr.  Gallatin  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
American  Ethnological  Society,  vol.  ii.  He,  however,  fell  into  some 
errors  in  his  derivation  of  the  words,  chiefly  from  ignoring  the  Chiha- 
lis  elemenr  ^f  the  Jargon,  and  the  number  of  words  given  by  him 
amounted      '"'  to  about  two  hundred  and  fifty. 

A  copy  01  '.Ir.  Lionnet's  vocabulary  having  been  sent  to  me,  with 
a  request  to  make  such  corrections  as  it  might  require,  I  concluded 
not  merely  to  collate  the  words  contained  in  this  and  other  printed 
and  manuscript  vocabularies,  but  to  ascertain,  so  far  as  possible,  the 
languages  which  had  contributed  to  it,  with  the  original  Indian  words. 
This  had  become  the  more  important,  as  its  extended  use  by  diflFerent 
tribes  had  led  to  ethnological  errors  in  the  classing  together  of  essen- 
tially distinct  families.  Dr.  Scouler,  whose  vocabularies  were  among 
the  earliest  bases  of  comparison  of  the  languages  of  the  northwest 
coast,  assumed  a  number  of  words,  which  he  found  indiscriminately 


ri 


PREFACE. 


employed  by  tlie  Nootkans  of  Vancouver  Island,  the  Chi'nooks  of  the 
Columbia,  and  the  intermediate  tribes,  to  belong  alike  to  their  several 
languages,  and  exhibit  analogies  between  them  accordingly.*  On 
this  idea,  among  other  points  of  fancied  resemblance,  ho  founded  his 
family  of  Nootka-Columbians, — one  which  has  been  adopted  by  Dra. 
Pritchard  and  Latham,  and  has  caused  very  great  misconception. 
Not  only  arc  those  languages  entirely  distinct,  but  the  Nootkans 
differ  greatly  in  physical  and  mental  characteristics  from  the  latter. 
The  analogies  between  the  Chinook  and  the  other  native  contribu- 
tors to  the  Jargon  are  given  hereafter. 

The  origin  of  this  Jargon,  a  conventional  language  similar  to  the 
Lingua  Franca  of  the  Mediterranean,  the  Negro-English-Dutch  of 
Surinam,  the  Pigeon  English  of  China,  and  several  other  mixed 
tongues,  dates  back  to  the  fur  droguers  of  the  last  century.  Those 
mariners  whose  enterprise  in  the  fifteen  years  preceding  1800,  explored 
the  intricacies  of  the  northwest  coast  of  America,  picked  up  at  their 
general  rendezvous,  Nootka  Sound,  various  native  words  useful  in 
barter,  and  thence  transplanted  them,  with  additions  from  the  Eng- 
lish, to  the  shores  of  Oregon.  Even  before  their  day,  the  coasting 
trade  and  warlike  expeditions  of  the  northern  tribes,  themselves  a  sea- 
faring race,  had  opened  up  a  partial  understanding  of  each  other's 
speech  ;  for  when,  in  1792,  Vancouver's  officers  visited  Gray's  Harbor, 
they  found  that  the  natives,  though  speaking  a  different  language, 
understood  many  words  of  the  Nootka. 

On  the  arrival  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia, 
in  1800,  the  new  language,  from  the  sentences  given  by  them,  had 
evidently  attained  some  form.  It  was  with  the  arrival  of  Aster's 
party,  however,  that  the  Jargon  received  its  principal  impulse. 
Many  more  words  of  English  were  then  brought  in,  and  for  the  first 
time  the  French,  or  rather  the  Canadian  and  Missouri  patois  of  the 
French,  was  introduced.  The  principal  seat  of  the  company  being  at 
Astc  ria,  not  only  a  large  addition  of  Chinook  Avords  was  made,  but  a 
consideralile  number  was  taken  from  the  Chihalis,  who  immediately 
bordered  that  tribe  on  the  north, — each  owning  a  portion  of  Shoal- 
water  Bay.  The  words  adopted  from  the  several  languages  were, 
naturally  enough,  those  most  easily  uttered  by  all,  except,  of  course, 
that  objects  new  to  the  natives  found  their  names  in  French  or  Eng- 
lish, and  such  modifications  were  made  in  pronunciation  as  suited 
tongues  accustomed  to  different  sounds.     Thus  the  gutturals  of  the 


m 


*  Journal  Eoyal  Geographical  Society  of  London,  vol.  xi.,  1841. 


PRKFACK. 


VU 


Indians  were  softened  or  dropped;  and  the/ and  r  of  the  Englisli  and 
French,  to  them  unpronounceahle,  were  modified  into  p  and  /.  (Jiaiii- 
matical  forms  were  reduced  to  their  simplest  e.\[»ression,  and  variations 
in  mood  and  tense  conveyed  only  by  ndverhs  or  by  the  context. 
The  hmguage  continued  to  receive  additions,  and  assumed  a  more  dis- 
tinct and  settled  meaning,  under  the  Northwest  and  Hudson's  Bay 
companies,  who  succeeded  Aster's  party,  as  well  as  through  tho 
American  settlers  in  Oregon.  Its  advantage  was  soon  perceived  by 
the  Indians,  and  the  Jargon  became  to  some  extent  a  means  of  com- 
munication between  natives  of  difi'erent  speech,  as  well  as  between 
them  and  the  whites.  It  was  even  used  as  such  between  Americans 
and  Canadians.  It  was  at  first  most  in  vogue  upon  the  lower  Colum- 
bia and  the  Willamette,  whence  it  spread  to  I'ugot  Sound,  and  with 
the  extension  of  trade,  found  its  way  far  up  the  coast,  as  well  as  tho 
Columbia  and  Fraser  rivers;  and  there  are  now  few  tribes  between 
the  42d  and  57th  parallels  of  latitude  in  which  there  are  not  to  bo 
found  interpreters  through  its  medium.  Its  prevalence  and  easy  ac- 
quisition, while  of  vast  convenience  to  traders  and  settlers,  has  tended 
greatly  to  hinder  the  acquirement  of  the  original  Indian  languages; 
80  much  so,  that  except  by  a  few  missionaries  and  pioneers,  hardly 
one  of  them  is  spoken  or  understood  by  white  men  in  all  Oregon 
and  Washington  Territory.  Notwithstanding  its  apparent  poverty 
in  number  of  words,  and  the  absence  of  grammatical  forms,  it  pos- 
sesses much  more  flexibility  and  power  of  expression  than  might 
be  imagined,  and  really  serves  almost  every  purpose  of  ordinary  in- 
tercourse. 

The  number  of  words  constituting  the  Jargon  proper  has  been  vari- 
ously stated.  Many  formerly  employed  have  become  in  great  meas- 
ure obsolete,  while  others  have  been  locally  introduced.  Thus,  at 
the  Dalles  of  the  Columbia,  various  terms  are  common  which  would 
not  be  intelligible  at  Astoria  or  on  Puget  Sound.  In  making  the  fol- 
lowing selection,  I  have  included  all  those  which,  on  reference  to  a 
number  of  vocabularies,  I  have  found  current  at  any  of  these  places, 
rejecting,  on  the  other  hand,  such  as  individuals,  partially  acquainted 
with  the  native  languages,  have  employed  for  their  own  convenience. 
The  total  number  falls  a  little  short  of  five  hundred  words. 

An  analysis  of  their  derivations  gives  the  following  result : 


Chinook,  including  Clatsop 200 

Chinook,  having  analogies  with  other  languages. .     21 
Interjections  common  to  several 8 


•  t  • 

Vlll 


PKEFACR. 


Nootka,  including  dialects 24 

Chilialis,  32  ;  Nisqiialiy,  7 89 

Klikutat  and  Yakanm 2 

Creo 2 

Cliippeway  (Ojibwa) 1 

WaHCo  (probably) 4 

Kalapuya  (probably) 4 

By  direct  onomatopoeia 6 

Derivation  unknown,  or  undotermined 18 

French,  90 ;  Canadian,  4 94 

English 67 


I  had  no  opportunity  of  original  investigation  into  the  Nootka 
proper,  but  from  the  few  words  in  different  published  vocabularies, 
and  from  some  imperfect  manuscript  ones  in  my  possession  of  the 
Tokwaht,  Nittinat,  and  Makah  dialects,  have  ascertained  the  nunibei 
above  given.  Some  of  the  unascertained  words  probably  also  belong 
to  that  language.  Neither  was  I  able  to  collate  the  Wasco  or  Kala- 
puya, but  have  assigned  them  on  the  opinion  of  others.  The  former, 
also  called  Cathlasco,  the  dialect  of  the  Dalles  Indians,  is  a  corrupted 
form  of  the  Watlala  or  Upper  Chinook.  With  the  Chihalis,  Yakama, 
and  Klikatat,  and  the  Nisqually,  I  had  abundant  means  of  comparison. 

The  introduction  of  the  Cree  and  Chippeway  words  is  of  course  due 
to  the  Canadians.  None  have  been  derived  from  the  Spanish,  as 
their  intercourse  with  the  Nootka  and  Makah  Indians  was  too  short 
to  leave  an  impression.  Spanish  words,  especially  those  relating  to 
liorses  or  mules  and  their  equipments,  have  of  late  come  into  general 
use  in  Oregon,  owing  to  intercourse  with  California,  but  they  form  no 
part  of  the  Jargon.  It  might  have  been  expected  from  the  number 
of  Sandwich  Islanders  introduced  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  company,  and 
long  resident  in  the  country,  that  the  Kanaka  element  would  have 
found  its  way  into  the  language,  but  their  utterance  is  so  foreign  to 
the  Indian  ear,  that  not  a  word  has  been  adopted. 

In  the  nouns  derived  from  the  French,  the  definite  article  le,  la,  has 
almost  in  every  instance  been  incorporated  into  the  word,  and  the 
same  has  in  one  or  two  instances  been  prefixed  to  nouns  not  of  French 
origin.  Besides  the  words  created  by  direct  onomatopoeia,  there  are 
quiie  a  number  which  are  really  Indian,  but  have  their  origin  in  the 
similarity  of  sound  to  sense. 

Dr.  Scoiilcr's  analogy  between  the  Nootkan  and  "  Columbian,"  or 
Chinook,  was  founded  on  the  following  words : 


11 


rKKFA(;K. 

Englinh, 

Tlaoqunkh  and  Nutka. 

ColnmUan. 

plenty. 

*aya, 

*haya. 

no, 

*wik, 

*wakc. 

waer, 

tchaak. 

cbu<;k. 

good. 

•hooleisli, 

*clo8h. 

bad. 

*peishakei8. 

*peshak. 

man. 

*tchuckoop, 

tillicham. 

woman, 

♦tlootscmin. 

*olootchamcn. 

child, 

♦tanassis, 

*tanaas. 

now, 

tiahowiuli, 

claliowiah. 

come. 

*tchooqua, 

*.sacko. 

bIhvc, 

mischumas, 

*mischema8. 

what  are  you 
doing, 

■ 

*akoots-ka-*mamook, 

ckta-*manimok 

what  are  you 

} 

*au-kaak-*wawa, 

ckta-*wawa. 

saying. 

let  me  see, 

*nannanitch, 

*nannanitch. 

sun, 

*opcth. 

ootlacb. 

sky, 

*8ieya. 

*saya. 

fruit. 

.  *chamas. 

*cama8. 

to  sell. 

*makok. 

*makok. 

understand, 

*commatax, 

*commatax. 

But  of  these,  none  marked  with  an  asterisk  belong  to  the  Chinook 
or  any  of  its  dialects.  The  greater  part  of  them  are  undoubtedly 
Nootkan,  though  there  are  errors  in  the  spelling  and,  in  some  in- 
stances, in  the  meaning.  Of  the  rest,  the  Nootkan  tchaak  and  the 
Chinook  tVtsuk  alone  presents  an  analogy.  Klahowiah  does  not  mean 
"  n»)W,"  nor  do  I  believe  it  is  Nootkan,  in  any  sense.  It  is,  as  ex- 
plained in  the  dictionary,  the  Chinook  salutation,  "  How  do  you," 
"  Good-bye,"  and  is  supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  word  for  poor, 
miserable.  Mischemas  is  not  Chinook,  and  is  probably  not  Nootkan. 
With  the  exception  of  Francliere,  wbose  short  vocabulary  was  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  Gallatin,  and  Mr.  Hale,  all  the  writers  mentioned  by 
Ludwig  who  have  given  specimens  of  the  Chinook  language,  have 
presented  it  in  its  Jargon  form,  more  or  less  mixed  with  the  neigh- 
boring ones,  and  with  corruptions  of  French  and  English  words.  Mr 
Swan,  among  others,  has  been  led  into  this  error.  The  place  of  his 
residence,  Shoalwater  Bay,  is  common  ground  of  the  Chinook  and 
Chihalis  Indians,  and  the  degraded  remnants  of  the  two  tribes  are 
closely  intermarried,  and  use  both  languages  almost  indifferently. 


PREFACE. 


Setting  aside  interjections,  common  in  a  more  or  less  modified 

form  to  several  adjoining  tribes,  twenty-one  words  of  those  given  in 

this  vocabulary  present  noticeable  analogies  between  the  Chinook 
and  other  native  languages.    They  are  as  follows  : 


me.   ■ 


English. 

Chinook.       Hailtzuk  and  Belbella. 

salmon 

berries,                   klalilli. 

olalli. 

English. 

Chinook  and  Clatsop. 

Nootka. 

Jewitt  Hiid  CooV. 

water, 

tl'tsuk    :    tl'chukw. 

( 

3hauk 

:     cbahak. 

%glish.         Chinook. 

Cowlitz. 

Kwantlen. 

Selish. 

six,           takh 

um, ,         tukh'um, 

tuck! 

mm'. 

tackan. 

English. 

Chinook. 

Chihalis. 

NisquaXly. 

deep, 

kellippe, 

kluputl, 

klep. 

glad, 

kwan, 

kwal  [tame). 

proud, 

eyiitl, 

juil. 

demon, 

ichiatku, 

tsiatko. 

tsiatko. 

black  bear. 

fiitchhut. 

chetwut. 

c  ow. 

skaka, 

skaka. 

oyster. 

klokhklokh. 

chetlokh 

» 

klokhklokh. 

game  of  "  hands. 

itlokum, 

sctlokum. 

English. 

Chinook. 

Takama  and  Elikatat, 

certainly, 

nawitka, 

n'wil 

.ka. 

always, 

kwanisum. 

kwalisira. 

younger  sis'' 

'*> 

ats, 

atse. 

road. 

wehut, 

• 

wiet 

(/«»•). 

barrel. 

tamulitsh, 

tamoliish. 

buffalo. 

emiismus, 

miismus. 

coyote. 

italipus, 

telipa  {gray  fox) 

mouse. 

kholkhol, 

khoi 

Ikhoil. 

bread. 

tsapelil. 

sapli 

1. 

needle. 

okwepowa, 

kapus  (a  pin). 

The  Clatsop  (Kldtsop)  is  merely  a  dialect  of  the  Chinook  (Tchi- 
niik) ;  the  Cowlitz  (Kaualitsk),  Kwantlen,  Chihalis  (Tsiholis),  ana 
Nisqually  (N'skwali),  are  severally  languages  belonging  to  the 
Belish  family.     The  Yakama  and  Klikatat  are  dialects  of  one  of  the 


i:i 


PRKFACE. 


» 


Saliaptin  languages;  and  the  Tokwalit  (Tokwat),  Nitiiiiat,  and  Makah 
(Maka)  quoted  in  the  dictionary,  are  dialects  of  the  Nootka  (Niitka), 
of  which  the  Ilailtzuk  or  Belbella  (variously  spelled  Ilaeeltzuk  and 
Ilailtsa)  is  probably  the  northern  type.  It  thus  appears  that,  with 
two  or  three  exceptions,  the  analogies  of  the  Chinook,  as  contained 
in  this  vocabulary,  are  to  be  sought  in  the  immediately  adjoining 
tongues,  or  those  of  languages  belonging  to  the  same  families  with 
them ;  that  these  analogies,  with  perhaps  one  or  two  exceptions,  can 
by  no  means  be  considered  radical,  and  that  their  correspondence,  or 
rather  adoption,  is  easily  accounted  for  by  neighborhood  and  habits 
of  intermarriage.  A  much  more  remarkable  coincidence  is  the  fact 
that  two  words  included  in  this  Jargon, — one  from  the  Nootkan,  viz, 
Muwitch,  a  deer,  venison ;  and  the  other  Chinook,  Mooluk,  an  elk, — 
are  also  to  be  found  in  the  Kowilth,  the  language  of  llumboldf 
Bay,  in  California.  As  this  bay  was  first  discovered  in  the  winter 
ot  1849-50,  the  words  could  not  have  been  introduced  by  the  fu? 
trappers. 

With  regard  to  the  form  into  which  this  dictionary  has  been 
thrown,  an  explanation  is  necessary.  The  Jargon  must  in  somo 
degree  be  regarded  as  a  written  language,  the  orthography  of  which 
is  English.  In  Mr.  Hale's  vocabulary  alone  has  one  more  scientific 
been  attempted,  and  of  several  other  printed,  and  numerous  manu- 
script dictionaries  in  circulation,  M.  Lionnet's  alone,  that  I  have  met 
with,  is  according  to  the  French.  Although  no  fixed  system  of  spell- 
ing exists  among  them,  I  have  therefore  deemed  it  best  to  preserve 
for  the  Jargon  words  that  which  most  distinctly  represents  the  com- 
mon English  pronunciation ;  while  for  the  Indian  derivations,  I  have 
adopted  that  recommended  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  collect- 
ing Indian  vocabularies,  using  the  Italian  sounds  of  the  vowels,  and 
representing  the  guttural  of  the  German  ich  by  kh.  This  seemed  the 
more  proper,  as  the  work  would  thereby  be  rendered  of  practical  use, 
independent  of  what  philological  value  it  may  possess. 

In  collating  the  words  of  the  present  work  and  obtaining  their 
derivations,  I  have  been  assisted  by  a  number  of  friends;  among 
whom  I  should  specially  mention  Mr.  Alexander  C.  Anderson,  of 
Victoria,  V.  I.,  and  Mr.  Solomc'i  H.  Smith,  of  Clatsop,  Oregon. 


Bibliography  of  the  Chinooit  Jargon. 


Journal  of  Travels  over  the  Rocky  Mountains.  By  Rev.  Samuel 
Parker.     12mo.     Ithaca,  N.Y.,  1838. 

"  Vocabulary  of  the  Chanook  language,  as  spoken  about  Fort  Van- 
couver," pp.  336-338. 

Ethnography  and  Philology  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expe- 
dition.  By  Horatio  Hale.  4to.  Philadelphia:  Lea  &  Blanchard, 
1846. 

A  vocabulary  of  the  "  Jargon  or  Trade  Language  of  Oregon,"  with 
an  essay  thereon,  and  phrases,  is  given  iu  this  work,  pp.  636-650. 

Transactions  of  the  American  Ethnological  Society.  2  vols.,  8vo. 
New  York:  Bartlett  &  Welford,  1845,  1848. 

In  vol.  ii.,  pp.  62-70,  under  title  of  "Hale's  Indians  of  Northwest 
America,"  is  a  partial  reprint  of  the  above. 

Rev.  Z.  B.  Z.  Bolduc,  "Mission  de  la  Colomhie.^''  8vo.  Quebec, 
1843. 

The  Lord's  Prayer  in  Jargon,  "et  quelques  mots  Tchinoucs  et  Sneo- 
mus."  The  Snohomish  is  a  tribe  of  Puget  Sound.  The  Chinook  words 
are  merely  Jargon. 

Journal  of  Travels  over  the  Rocky  Mountains,  &c.     By  Joel  Palmer. 
12mo.     Cincinnati,  184'7,  1852. 
"  Words  used  in  the  Chinook  Jargon,"  pp.  147-162, 

Adventures  of  the  First  Settlers  on  the  Oregon  or  Columbia  River, 
&c.     By  Alexander  Ross.     12mo.     London,  1849. 

Ross  gives  a  "  Chinook  Vocabulary,"  pp.  342-348,  and  words  of  the 
"mixed  dialect,"  p.  349.    His  Chinook  is,  however,  also  impure. 

Ten  Years  in  Oregon.  By  D.  Lee  and  F.  H.  Frost.  12rao.  New 
York,  1844. 

"A  short  vocabulary  of  the  Clatsop  dialect."  This  is  likewise 
Jargon. 


M 


XIV 


BIBLIOGRAPnY   OF  THE  CHINOOK  JARGON. 


History,  etc.,  of  the  Indian  Tribes  of  the  United  States.  Collectefl 
by  Henry  R.  Schoolcraft.  4to.  Parts  1-5.  Philadelphia,  1851, 
1855. 

Lieut.  G.  F.  Emmons  gives  a  brief  "Klatsop  Vocabulary"  in  Part 
III.,  pp.  223,  224,  which  is  of  the  same  character. 

Note  1  to  article,  "  Philosophy  of  Utterance,"  Part  V.,  pp.  648-551, 
a  "  Vocabulary  of  the  Chinook  Jargon." 

Vocabulary  of  the  Jargon  or  Trade  Language  of  Oregon.  English, 
French,  and  Jargon.     8vo.     Washington,  1853.     pp.  22. 

Printed  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  for  private  distribution. 
Without  title-page.    This  is  the  one  by  M.  Lionnet,  before  referred  to. 

The  Northwest  Coast;  or,  Three  Years'  Residence  in  Washington 
Territory.    By  James  G.  Swan.    12rao.    New  York:  Harpers,  1857. 

"  A  vocabulary  of  the  Chchalis  and  Chenook  or  Jargon  Languages, 
with  the  derivation  of  the  words  used  in  the  latter,"  pp.  412-422. 

A  Complete  Dictionary  of  the  Chinook  Jargon.  English — Chinook, 
and  Chinook — English.  To  which  is  added  numerous  conversations, 
&c.  3d  edition.  24mo,  pp.  24.  Portland,  Oregon  :  published  by  S. 
J.  McCormick. 

Several  editions  of  this  work  have  been  published ;  the  last  which 
I  have  seen,  in  1862. 

Guide-Book  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Frazer  River.     With  a  map  of 
the  different  routes,  <fec.    24mo,  pp.  55.    New  York,  1858. 
A  vocabulary  of  the  Jargon,  pp.  45-56. 

The  Chinook  Jargon  and  English  and  French  Equivalent  Forms. 
In  "Steamer  Bulletin,"  San  Francisco,  June  21,  1858. 

Contains  an  unarranged  vocabulary  of  354  words  and  phrases. 

The  Canoe  and  the  Saddle.  By  Theodore  Winthrop.  12mo. 
Boston  :  Ticknor  <fe  Fields.     1863. 

"  A  partial  vocabulary  of  the  Chinook  Jargon,"  pp.  299-302. 

History  of  the  Oregon  Territory,  t&c.  By  John  Dunn.  2d  edition. 
London,  1846. 

"  A  few  specimens  of  the  language  of  the  Millbank  and  Chinook 
tribes."  Chinook  tribe :  50  words  and  phrases,  including  digits. 
These  words,  as  usual,  are  in  great  part  "Jargon,"  and  belong  to  the 
Nootkan,  not  to  the  Chinook. 

Besides  the  above,  one,  of  which  I  have  not  the  title  before  me,  has 
been  published  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Anderson,  and  several  in  the  newspapere 
of  Oregon  and  Washington  Territory. 


PART  I. 


f 


CHIlJfOOK-EN'GLISH. 


I'   t 
I;  11 


NoTB.— The  references,  "Hale,"  "Cook,"  "Jewitt,"  are  respectively  to 
Hale's  "  Ethnology  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition,"  "  Co<  k's  Voy- 
ages," and  "  Jewitt's  Narrative."  The  others,  as  "Anderson,"  "Pandosy," 
"Shaw,"  "Tolmie,"  are  from  manuscriot  notes  of  those  gentlemen  in  posses- 
sion of  the  writer. 


A     DICTIONARY 


OF    THE 


CHINOOK   JARGOI. 


PART  I.  CHINOOK— ENGLISH. 


A. 

Ah-ha,  adv.  Common  to  various  tribes.  Ves.  Expression  of 
simple  assent.     On  Puget  Sound,  E-fiii. 

Ah'n-kut-te,  or  Ahn-kot-tie,  adv.  Chinook,  Ankutti.  For- 
merly;  before  now.  With  the  accent  prolonged  on  the  first  syl- 
lable, a  long  time  ago.  Ex.  Ahnkutte  lakit  mn,  four  days  ago; 
Tenas  ahnkutte,  a  little  while  since. 

Al-ah,  interj.  Expression  of  surprise.  Ex.  Alah  mika  chahko! 
«7i,  you've  come! 

Al-kie,  adv.  Chinook,  Alkkkh.  Presently;  in  a  little  while; 
hold  on ;   not  so  fast. 

Al'-ta,  adv.     Chinook,  Altakh.     Now  ;  at  the  present  time. 

A-mo'-te,  n.   Chinook,  Amute  ;  Clatsop,  Klabot£;.    The  strawberry. 

An-ah,  interj.  An  exclamation  denoting  pain,  displeasure,  or  de- 
preciation. Ex.  Anah  nawitka  mika  halo  shcm,  ah,  indeed  you 
are  without  shame.     On  Puget  Sound,  Ad-de-dah. 

Ats,  n.  Chinook,  idem;  Yakama,  Atse  (Pandosy).  A  sister 
younger  than  the  speaker.  In  the  original,  only  when  used  by  her 
brother. 

A-yah-whul,  v.    Chihalis,  Ayahwul.     To  lend;  borrow. 

Ay-keh-nam.    See  Eh-kah-nam. 

B. 

Se-be,  n.,  V.    French.    A  word  used  towards  children  ;  probably  a 

repetition  of  the  first  syllable  of  Baiser.     A  kiss;  to  kiss. 
Bed,  n.    English,  idem.     A  bed. 
Bit,  or  Mit,  n.     English,  Bit.     A  dime  or  shilling. 
"'lloom,  n.    English,  Beoom.     A  broom.     Mamook  bloom,  io  sweep. 
2 


2  DICTIONARY   OF  TUB   CHINOOK  JARGON. 

Boat,  n.     Englisli,  idem.     A  boat,  as  distinguished  from  a  ojvnoe. 

Bos'-ton,  n.,  a(fj.  An  American;  American.  A  name  derived 
from  the  liailing-placo  of  tlio  first  trading-ships  to  the  racific. 
Boston  illivhic,  the  United  States. 

Bur -dash,  n.  Can.  French,  Behdacue  (Anderson).  An  hermaph- 
rodite. The  reputation  of  hermaphroditism  is  not  uncommon 
with  Indians,  and  seems  to  attach  to  every  malformation  of  the 
organs  of  generation.     The  word  is  of  very  limited  use. 


C. 


I., 


Cal'-li-peen,  n.    French,  Cakabink.     A  rijle. 

Ca-nim,  n.     Chinook,  Ekanim.     A  canoe.     Canira  stick,  the  cedar, 

or  wood  from  which  canoes  are  usually  made, 
Ca-po',  n.    French,  Capot.     A  coat. 
Chah'-ko,  v.     Nootka,  Clayoquot,  Chako;   Tokwaht,  Tchokwa. 

To  come;  to  become.     Ex.  Kansih  mika  chahko?   when  did  you 

come  ?     Chahko  kloshe,  to  get  well. 
Chak-chak,  n.     Chinook,  idem.     The  bald  eagle  (by  onoma.),  from 

its  scream.     Of  only  local  use  on  the  lower  Columbia. 
Chee,  adv.,  adj.     Chinook,  Tsiii.     Lately ;  just  now;  new.     Chee 

m\A\io,  I  have  just  arrived.     Uyas  chco,  entirely  neto. 
Chet'-lo,  or  Jet'-lo,  n.     Chihalis,  Ciietlokh.     An  oyster.     Used 

on  the  lower  Columbia. 
Chet-WOOt,  n.     Nisqually,  idem.     A  black  bear.     Used  only  on 

Puget  Sound. 
Chik'-a-min,  «.,  adj.    Tokwaht,  Tsikamen  ;  Nootka,  Sickaminny 

(Jewitt) ;   Seekemaile  (Cook).     Iron;  metal;  metallic.     T'kopo 

chikamin,  silver ;   pil  chikamin,  gold  or  copper.     Chikamin  lope, 

wire ;  a  chain. 
Chik-chik.    See  Tsik-tsik. 
Chil-chil.    See  Tsil-tsil. 
Chitsh,  n.     Chihalis,  Tshitsh.     A  grandmother. 
Chope,  n.     Chihalis,  Tshup.     A  grandfather. 
Cho'-tub,  n.     Nisqually,  idem.     A  flea.     Used  on  Puget  Sound. 
Chuck,  n.     Nootka,  Chauk  (Cook) ;  CnAnxK,  fresh  water  (Jewitt) ; 

Chinook,  Tltsuk  (Shortess) ;  Clatsop,  Tl'ciiukav.     Water;  a  river 

or  stream.     Salt  chuck,  the  sea;  skookum  chuck,  a  rapid ;  solicks 

chuck,  a  rough  sea;  chuck  chahko  or  kalipi,  the  tide  rises  or  falls; 

saghilli  and  keekwillie  chuck,  high  and  low  tide. 
Chuk  kin,  n.,  v.    Chihalis,  Tsukaen.     To  kick.     Of  local  use  only. 


PART   I.     CHINOOK — ENGLISH. 


8 


Close.    Sco  Klose. 

Oly,  V.     English.     To  cry. 

Cole,  arij.  English,  Cold.  Cole  illaliie,  wm<er;  icht  cole,  a  year, 
cole  sick  wamn  sick,  the  fever  and  af/ue. 

Comb,  n.  English.  A  comb.  Mamook  comb,  to  comb;  mamook 
comb  illahie,  to  harrow. 

Coo'-ley,  V.  French,  Courez,  imp.  of  Courir.  To  run.  Coolcy 
kinatan,  a  race-horse;  yahka  liyas  kumtuks  cooley,  he  can,  i.e., 
knoivs  hoio  to  run  well. 

Coop'-coop,  n.  Chinook,  idem.  The  smaller  sized  dcntalium  or 
shell  money.     Sec  Hykwa. 

Co'-sho,  n.  French,  Cociion.  A  hog;  pork.  Siwash  cosho,  a  seal; 
literally,  Indian  pig. 

Cul'-tus,  adj.  Chinook,  Kaltas.  Worthless;  good  for  nothimj ; 
tvithnvt  purpose.  Ex.  Cultus  man,  a  ivorlhless  fellow ;  cnltus  pot- 
latch,  a  present  or  free  gift;  cultus  heehee,  a  jest ;  merely  laugh- 
ing; cultus  nannitsh,  to  look  around;  cultus  mitlite,  to  sit  idle; 
to  do  nothing;  cultus  klatawa,  to  stroll.  Ques.  What  do  you 
want?   Ans.  Cnltus,  i.e.,  nothing. 


D. 

De-late,  or  De-lett,  adj.,  adv.    French,  Droite.     Straight ;  direct ; 

without   equivocation.     Ex.    Klatawa   delctt,   go   straight;    delett 

wauv/au,  tell  the  truth. 
Di-aub,  or  Yaub,  n.     French,  Diable.     The  devil.     Sometimes 

used  combined  with  the  article,  as  Lejaub. 
D'ly,  or  De-ly,  adj.     English,  Dry.     Chahko  dely,  to  become  dry; 

mamook  dely,  to  dry,  v.  a. 
Doc'-tin,  n.     English.     A  doctor. 
Dol'-la,  or  Tah-la,  n.     English.     A  dollar;   money.     Chikamin 

dolla,  silver;  pil  dolla,  ^'oW;  dolla  siaghost,  spectacles. 


■■■  i 


Eh-kah-nam,  n.  Chinook,  Ekanam.  A  tale  or  story.  Used  only 
on  the  Columbia  river.    Often  erroneously  pronounced  Ay-keh-nam. 

Eh-ko-li,  n.     Chinook,  Ekoli.     A  whale. 

JBe'-na,  n.  Chinook,  Iina.  A  beaver.  Eena  stick  (literally,  beaver 
wood),  the  willow. 


» 


■V  I'l 


4  DKniONARY    OF   THK   CniNOOK    JAROON. 

Ee'-na  poo,  or  In-a-poo,  n.  Chinook,  Inapu.  A  louse.  Sopcn 
iimpoo,  a  Jlea. 

Ek'-keh,  ".     Cliinook,  Ekke.     A  brother-in-law. 

E'-la-han,  or  E-l^nn,  n.  Chihalia,  YSilaAn.  Aid;  assistance; 
alms,     Maiuook  elaiin,  to  help, 

E'-lip,  or  El'-ip,  adv.  Chilialis,  Ilip.  First;  before.  Tlio  siiper- 
lativo.  Klatawa  qW^,  go  lufore ;  clip  lolo  chuck,  ?"«  the  Jirst  place 
carry  water;  clip  kloshe,  i^'«< ;  clip  tiiikum,  n.  (literally,  the  Jirsi 
peoj/lc),  a  race  of  beings  ivho  inhabited  the  world  before  the  Indians. 

E-li'-te,  V.    Chinook,  Ii.ahekii.     A  slave. 

E-salt'h,  or  Ye-salt'h,  n.  Probably  Wasco.  Indian  corn  or 
maize. 

G. 

Get-up,  or  Ket-op,  v.     English.     To  get  vp  ;  riae. 
Glease,  n.     English,  Gkeask.     Iht,  grease,  or  oil.     Hycu  gloasc, 
very  fat;  too-toosh  gleaso,  6(t/^tT.     See,  also,  Lakles. 


I  ' 


!  I 


H. 

Hah-lakl,  adj.  Chinook,  IIalaki.,  Wide;  open.  Ex.  Mamook 
hahliikl  la  poto,  open  the  door;  chahko  hahlakl  (as  of  the  woods), 
to  open  out;  become  less  dense. 

Haht-haht,  n.     Nisqually,  IIathat.     The  mallard  duck. 

Hak  at-shum,  n.     English.     A  handkerchief. 

Ha'-lo,  adj.  Quaere  u.  d.  not  Chinook.  Hone;  absent.  Q.  Halo 
salmon  niika  ?  have  you  no  fish  ?  A,  Halo,  none.  Q.  Kali  mika 
papa?  where  is  your  father?  A.  Halo,  he  is  out.  Halo  wind, 
brea.thless ;  dead;  halo  glease, /eaw ;  halo  ikta,  jooo;-/  destitute. 

Haul,  V.  English,  idem.  To  haul  or  pull.  Used  with  the  active 
verb  mamook  ;  as,  mamook  haul. 

Hee'-hee,  n.  By  onoma..  Him  (Hale).  Laughter,  amusement. 
Cultus  heehee,  fun ;  mamook  heehee,  to  amuse ;  hechee  house, 
any  place  of  amusement,  as  a  tavern,  bowling-alley,  «kc. 

Hoh  hoh,  ".,  V.     Chinook  (by  onoma.),  Hokhhokh.     To  cough. 

H6-ku-melh,  v.  Chihalis,  idem.  To  gather;  to  glean,  as  grain. 
Of  local  use. 

Hool-hool,  n.  Chinook,  Kholkiiol;  Klikatat.  Khoilkhoil.  A 
mouse.     Uyas  hoolhool,  a  rat. 


PART    I.     CHINOOK — KNOMSir. 


Rouse,  n.  English.  A  house,  ^falikook  liouso,  a  store;  Huston 
house,  an  America n-lniilt  house,  as  clistiiigiiished  iVoin  a  lodgo. 

Howh,  iiiterj,     IlAiKif.     Turn  to;  hurr;/. 

How'-kwutl,  ach<.  Chinook,  1Iaitkati.ii.  An  expression-  of  in- 
ability.    Kx.  llowkwiitl  nikn  klatawa?  how  could  I  r/o  ? 

Hul-lel',  V.  n.  Chinook,  idem.  7'o  shake.  Used  with  the  verb 
mumook,  as,  mamook  huliul,  it  becomes  active. 

Hul-6-i-ma,  n.,  aJj.  Chinook,  S'hulloviiia.  Other;  another; 
different.  Ex.  Huloima  tiUkum,  a  different  tribe  or  people ;  hyas 
huloima,  very  different, 

Humm,  n.,  V.  Jargon.  A  stink  or  smell ;  to  stink.  An  invented 
word,     lliimm  opootsh,  a  skunk. 

Hunl'-kih,  adj.  Chinook,  IIunlkekh.  Curled  or  curly;  knotted; 
crooked. 

Huy-huy,  n.,  v.  Canadian  French,  Hui-iiur.  A  bargain  or  ex- 
chanye  ;  to  barter  or  trade,  Ex.  Iliiyhny  la  sille,  change  the  saddle  ; 
huyhuy  tumtum,  to  change  oyie's  mind.  Mr.  Anderson  says  this  is 
a  cant  word  of  the  Canadians,  signifying  a  hasty  exchange.  Its 
origin  has  been  suggested  in  oui  oui,  yes  yes. 

Hwah,  or  nvrah-wa,  interj.  Denotes  surprise  or  admiration ;  also 
earnestness. 

Hy'-ak,  adv.,  also  used  as  imperative.  Chinook,  Ai-ak.  Swi/l ; 
fast;  quickly;  hurry;  make  haste. 

Hy-as',  adj.,  adv.  Probably  corrupted  from  the  following.  Large ; 
great;  very.  The  general  term  for  size.  Hyas  tyee,  a  great  chief; 
hyas  mahcook,  a  great  price ;  dear ;  hyas  ahnkutte,  a  long  time 
ago  ;  hyas  kloshe,  very  good. 

Hy-iu,  n,,  ac/y.  Nootka,  Iyahish  (Jewitt);  Tokwaht,  AiYA.  Jewitt 
also  gives  Hyo  as  the  name  for  ten.  Much;  many;  plenty; 
enough.  Term  of  quantity  or  multitude.  Hyiu  tilikum,  a  crowd  ; 
many  people ;  hyiu  muckamuck,  joZen^y  to  eat;  tcnaa  hyiu,  some; 
a  few  ;  wake  hyiu,  not  many  or  not  much. 

Hy'-kwa,  or  Hy'-a-kwa,  «.  Nootka,  Haihwa  (i-whaw,  Jewitt). 
The  dentalium  ;  the  shell  money  or  wampum  of  the  Pacific  coast. 
It  is  used  in  strings  of  a  fathom  long ;  shells  of  not  more  than  forty 
to  the  fathom  being  of  full  size,  and  the  value  increasing  in  propor- 
tion to  their  length.  The  smaller  sizes  are  called  coop-coop  (q.  v.). 
These  shells  were  formerly  obtained  by  the  Indians  of  the  west 
coast  of  Vancouver  Island,  and  passed  in  barter  as  low  down  as 
California,  and  eastward  to  the  Blackfoot  country. 


rV' 


'    I 


6 


DICTIONARY    OK    THK    CIIINooK   JAKOoN. 


I. 


Ik'-kik,  n.     Clilnook,  Ikkik.     A  fiith-honk. 

Ik'poo'ie,  V.     Cliiiiook,  Ikiwl'i.     To  .s/inl.     Ikpooio  la  poto,  shut 

the  door  ;  iniirnook  ikpooie,  lo  surruuud ;  ikpooio  kwillan,  ilenf, 
Ikt,  or  Icht,  "'(/.     Cliiiiook,  Ikiit.     One;  once.     Used  also  as  tho 

indotiiiite  article.     Ikt  man,  n  duih  ;  ikt  ikt  man,  sduip  one  or  olht'r ; 

here  mill  tlivre  one  ;  ikt  iiika  klatiiwii  kopu  yakka  lioiiae,  I  have  been 

0)1  re  l(j  Ilia  houne. 
Ik'-tah, />(Wi.     Cliinook,  Tkta.     What,     Ikinh  oliooU,  what  is  that? 

iktali  inika  tikogli,  what  do  you  want?  iktali,  well,  what  now? 
Ik'-tah,  n.     From  tho  fore<j;oiiig.     A  thin;/;   yoods ;   merchandise  ; 

cluUiiiig.     llyiii  tenas  iktali,  a  great  man;/  trijlrs.     The  uso  of  tho 

»ame  word  tor  what  and  tor  things,  has  been  noticed  in  some  other 

languages  of  this  coast. 
n'-la-hie,  n.     Chinook,  Ilaiiekii.     The  ground;    the  earth;   dirt, 

Tipso  iliahio,  prairie;  saghallio  illahie,  mountains,  or  high  land; 

heaven;  liyin  illahie  kopa,  dirt;/  (literally,  much  dirt  upon), 
lu'-a-ti,  or  £en-a-ti,  prep.,  adv.     Chinook,  Inatai.     Across;  oppo- 
site to;  on  the  other  side  of.     Inati  chuck,  on  the  other  side  of  the 

river ;  klatawa  inati,  to  cross  over, 
Ip'-SOOt,  V.  a,,  V,  n.     Chinook,  Alhupso.     To  hide  one's  self,  or  any 

thing  ;  to  keep  secret.     Ipsoot  klatawa,  to  steal  off;  ipsoot  wau-vvau, 

to  whisper. 
Is'-ick,  n.     Chinook,  Isik.     A  paddle.     Mamook  isick,  to  paddle. 
Is'-ick  stick,  n.     Chinook  and  English,     llie  ash.     Literally,  pad- 
dle-wood. 
Is'-kum,  V.     Chinook,  idem.     To  take ;    take  hold  of;   hold ;   get. 

liskiim  okook  lope,  hold  on  to  that  rope;  mika  na  iskum  ?  did  you 

gel  it  ? 
It'-lan,  or  Ifh-lan,  n.    Chinook,  Ithlana.    A  fathom  ;  the  length 

of  the  extended  arms. 
It'-lo-kunx.  n.    Chinook,  idem ;  Chihalis,  Seti.okum.     The  game  of 

'■^hand" — a  common  amusement.    Mamook  itiokum,  to  gamble. 
Itr-vnl-lie,  n.     Cliinook,  Etlwili.     The  flesh;  meat  of  any  animal. 

Konaway  nika  ithvillie  sick,  all  my  fiesh  is  sore. 
Its'-WOOt,  or  Its'-hoot,  n.     Chinook,  EnsmiuT.     A  black  hear. 

Itshoot  paseesie,  thick  dark  cloth  or  blankets. 


PART   I.    CrilNOOK— KNOUSn. 


ii 


K, 


Kah,  Wy.     Cliinook,  KAKrr.     Where;  whither;  whence,     Knli  mika 

niitlito?   where  do  i/oti  live?   koiiaway  kali,  everywhere;   kuh-kuli, 

here  and  there, 
Kah'-kah,  n,     Chinook  and  Nisqually  (by  ononm.),  Skaka.     A 

crow, 
Kah  kwa,  adv.     Nootkn;  Tokwaht,  Aciiko.      Like;  similar  to; 

equal  with;  as.     Kalikwa  iiika  \\nu{\\w,  so  I  think  (litorally,  swcA 

[ix]  my  heart) ;  kahkwa  liyas  nika,  as  lurye  as  I ;  kalikwa  8pose, 

as  if;  kloslio  kahkwa,  that  is  riyht ;  yood  so, 
Kah'-na-way,  n.    Cliinook,  T'kanaw^.    Acorns,    Kahnaway  stick, 

the  oak,     UhoiI  only  on  the  Colunibia  river. 
Kahp-ho,  n.     Cliinook,  iilcin.     An  elder  brother,  sister,  or  cousin, 
Kah-ta,  adv.     Chinook,  Kata.     Jfow;  why.     Kahta  niika  inamook 

okook  ?  why  do  you  do  that  ?  kahta  niika  chaliko  ?  how  did  you 

come?  kahta  mika?  what  is  the  matter  with  you?  po  kahta?  and 

why  so  ? 
Kal-ak-a-lih-ma,  n.     Chinook,  Okalakalama.     A  goose.     Used 

on  the  lower  Columbia  river. 
Kal-a-kwah-tie,  n,     Chinook,  Kalakwati  ;  Clatsop,  Kl'wiielatl. 

The  inner  hark  of  the  cedar  (thuja) ;  the  petticoat,  or  skirt,  formerly 

worn  by  women,  and  often  made  of  strands  of  bark,    Kalakwahtio 

stick,  the  cedar-tree. 
Ea-li'-tan,  ».     Chinook,  Tklaitak.     An  arrow;   shot;   a  bullet. 

Kalitan  le  sac,  a  quiver  ;  a  shot-pouch. 
Kal-lak'-a-la,  or  Eul-luk'-ul-la,  n.     Chinook,  KalIkala.    A 

bird. 
Kam-aSB,  or  lid-kam-ass,  n.    Nootka.     The  Scilla  esculenta, — a 

bulbous  root  used  for  food  by  the  Indians.     Jewitt  gives  Cuamass 

as  the  Nootka  for  fruit,  also  for  sweet,  or  pleasant  to  the  taste. 
Kam-ooks,  n.    Chinook,  Klkabqkes.    A  dog.    Kahkwa  kamooks, 

like  a  dog  ;  beastly. 
Ka-mo'-Suk,  n.     Chinook,  idem.     Beads.     Tyee  kamosuk  (chiot 

beads),  the  large  blue  glass  beads. 
Eap-SU-al-la.     Quajre  u.  d.     To  steal.    Kapsualla  klatawa,  to  steal 

away  ;  kapsiialla  mamook,  to  do  secretly. 
Eat-suk,  or  Kot-suk,  n.    Chinook,  idem.     The  middle  or  centr$ 

of  any  thing. 
Kau'-py,  n.     English.     Cnfee. 


r\ 


m 


DICTIONARY   OF  THE   CHINOOK  JARGON. 


Ea-'wak,  v.    Chihalis,  Kauak.     To  fiy.    Not  in  general  use. 

Kaw-ka-wak,  adj.     Chinook,  Kakawak.     Yellow,  or  pale  green. 

Kee-kwil-lie,  prep.  Chinook,  Kik'hwili.  Low;  below ;  under; 
beneath;  down.  Mamook  keekwillie,  to  lower ;  mitlite  keekwillie, 
to  set  down;  put  under.     Not  used  in  the  sense  of  "down  stream." 

Keep'-WOt,  n.  Chinook,  Okw^powa  ;  Yakama,  Kapus,  a  pin  (Pan- 
dosy).  A  needle;  the  sting  of  an  insect ;  a  thorn.  Shoes  keepwot, 
an  awl. 

Eeh'-loke,  n.    Chinook,  idem.    A  swan.    Of  local  use  only. 

Keh'-see,  or  Ki'-SU,  n.     Chinook,  Enfiso.     An  apron. 

Eeh-wa,  adv.     Quaere  u.  d.     Because.     Not  in  common  use. 

Kel'-a-pi,  or  Ka-la-pi,  v.  Chinook,  Kelapai.  To  turn;  return; 
overturn;  upset.  Kelapi  canim,  to  upset  a  canoe;  hyak  kelapi, 
come  back  quickly;  kelapi  kopa  house,  go  back  to  the  house/  ma- 
mook kelapi,  to  bring,  send,  or  carry  back;  kelapi  tumtum,  to 
change  one's  mind. 

Ees'-chi,  or  Keh*tsie.  Chinook,  Kukhtsi  (Anderson).  Notwith- 
standing;  although.  Keschi  yakka  mamook  kahkwa,  although  he 
did  so.     Not  in  common  use. 

Eet'-ling,  or  Kit '-ling,  n.     English.     A  kettle;  can;  basin,  &c. 

Kil-it'-sut,  n.     Chinook,  Okwiliktshut.     Flint;  a  bottle;  glass. 

Kim'-ta,  or  Eim-tah',  p'ep.  Chinook,  Kimta.  Behind;  after; 
afterwards;  last;  since.  Klatawa  kimtah,  ^o  fce/t/wrf ;  nika  clip,  pe 
yakka  kimtah,  /  frst,  and  he  afterwards;  okook  kimtah,  the  one 
behind;  kimtah  nika  nannitsh  mika,  since  I  saw  you. 

King  Chautsh,  adj.  English,  Kino  George.  English.  King 
chautshman,  an  Englishman. 

Ki'-nootl,  or  Ki'-noos,  n.    Chinook,  Ekainuil.     Tobacco. 

Eish-kish,  v.     Chinook,  idem.     To  drive,  as  cattle  or  horses. 

EJiu'-a-tan,  n.  Chinook,  Ikiuatan.  Coolcy  kiuatan,  a  race-horse; 
stone  kiuatan,  a  stallion, 

Ki'-wa,  adj.    Wasco,  Kaiwa  (Shaw).     Crooked.     Of  only  local  use. 

Ei'-yah,  ».     Chihalis,  Kaiyakh.     Entrails. 

Elah,  adj.  Chinook,  Elakh.  Free  or  clear  from ;  in  sight,  Ex. 
Chee  yakka  klah,  now  he  is  in  sight ;  klatawa  klah,  to  escape,  as  a 
prisoner;  chahko  klah  (of  seed),  to  come  up;  (of  the  woods),  to 
open  out;  (of  the  weather),  to  clear  up;  mamook  klah,  to  uncover, 
Mr.  Anderson  gives  as  the  original  meaning,  to  open  out  or  appear. 

Elah-hanie',  or  Klagh-anie',  adv.  Chinook,  Klakhani.  Out  0/ 
doors;  out;  without.  Ex.  Mamook  klaghanie  okook,  put  that 
out;  klatawa  klaghanie,  to  go  out. 


PART   T.     CHINOOK — ENGLTSH. 


X. 

a 
to 

ler, 

r. 

Of 


Kla'-ho'W-ya.     The   ordinary  salutation   at   mcctinof  or  parting. 

How  do  ijou  do?  good-bye;  as,  klahowya  sikhs,  ffood-hi/e,  friend. 
Kla-hdvT-yum,  adj.,  n.     Chinook,  Ki-aiiaita.     Poor;   miserable; 

wretched ;    compassion.      Ex.    Hyas  klahowyuin   nika,  /  am  very 

poor ;  mamook  klahowyum,  to  take  pity  on;  give  alms;  be  yen- 

erous. 

The  salutation  above  given  probably  originated  in  some  whining 

reply  to  the  first  whites,  and  a  distinction  has  since  arisen  between 

the  two  modes  of  spelling,  which  is,  however,  purely  arbitrary. 
Klah-wa,  adv.      Chinook,  Klawakh.      Slow;   slowly.     Ex.  Kla- 

tawa  klahwa,  yo  slowly. 
Klak,  adu.     Chinook;  Klakw.     [To  takel  off.     Ex.  Mamook  klak 

stone  kiuatan,  t(x  castrate  a  horse ;  mamook  klak  I'assiette,  take  off 

the  plates  ;  klak  kopa  wayhut,  get  out  of  the  read. 
Klak-sta,  or  Kluk'-sta,  pron.    Chinook,  T'kluksta.     Ex.  Klak- 

sta  mamook  okook?  who  made  or  did  that?  halo  klaksta,  no  one. 
Klak-'wun,  or  Kleh-kwan,  v.    Chihalis,  Klakwux.     To  wipe,  or 

lick.     Klakwun  I'assiette,  to  wipe  a  plate. 
Klale,  or  T'klale,  adj.     Chinook,  Tleul.     Black,  or  dark  blue,  or 

green. 
Klap,  V.     Chinook,  Klap.      To  find.     Ex.    Mika  na  klap  mika 

kiuatan?  did  you  find  your  horse?  klap  tenas,  to  be  with  child. 
Kla'-pite,  n.     Chinook,  Kupait.     Thread;  twine. 
Klas-ka,  or  Klus'-ka,  pron.    Chinook,  Kluska.     They;   thine; 

them. 
Elat'-a-wa,  v.     Nootka,  Klatturwah  (Jewitt);   Nittinat,  Klat- 

ouKn,     To  go.     Elatawa  teahwif,  to  walk;  go  on  foot;  klatawa 

kopa  kiuatan,  to  ride;  klatawa  kopa  boat,  to  sail;  mamook  klatawa, 

to  send, 
Ela-whap,  n.    Chinook,  Klhuap.    A  hole.    Mamook  klawhap,  to 

dig  a  hole. 
Elem'-a-huu,  v.     Chihalis,  idem.     To  stab;   to  wound;  to  dart; 

to  cast  as  a  spear;   to  hook  or  gore  as  an  ox.     Nika  klcmahun 

samun,  /  spear  salmon.  ' 

Klihl,  or  Klilt,  adj.     Chinook,  Ki.ihl.     Bitter.    Not  of  universal 

use.     Mr.  Hale  makes  it  Klitl,  sour. 
Klik'-a-muks,  n.     Chinook,  Klikabuks.      Blackberries,  or  mora 

properly  dewberries. 
Klik'-wal-lie,  or  Kloke'-'wal-lie.    Chinook,  Klikwali.    Brass 

wire  ;  an  armlet  or  bracelet  of  brass  wire.     Mr.  Anderson  gives  tho 

original  meaning  as  simply  brass. 


10 


DICTIONARY    OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 


Klim-in'-a-whit,  n.,  v.     Chinook,  Kliminawhut.     A  lie;    to  lie. 

Ilyas  knmtuks  kliininawliit,  he  is  a  great  liar  (literally,  he  knows 

U'ell  how  to  lie). 
Klim'-min,  or  Klimmin kliininin,  adj.     Chinook,  Tkikmin- 

TKLEMiN.     Soft;  fine  in  substance.     The  reduplication  denotes  the 

diminutive,  but  in  jargon  it  is  generally  used  singly.     Ex.  Klimmin 

sapoleel,  flour ;  klimmin  illahie,  mud ;  marshy  ground ;  mamook 

klimmin,  to  soften  as  by  dressing  a  skin. 
Klip,  adj.     Chinook,  Kelipe  ;  Chihalis,  Kluputl  ;  Nisqually,  Klep. 

Beep ;  sunken.     Klip  chuck,  deep  water ;  klip  sun,  sunset. 
Klis'-kwiss,  n.     Chinook,  idem.     A  mat. 
Klogh-klogh,  n.     Chinook,  Oklokhklo.     Oysters.     The  word  is 

common  to  the  Puget  Sound  tribes,  as  well  as  to  the  Chinooks. 
Klo-nass,  adv.    Chinook,  idem.    Expression  of  uncertainty  or  doubt. 

Perhaps;  I  donH  know;  may  be  so;  who  knows?     Equivalent  to 

the  Spanish  quien  sabe.     Ex.  Klonass  nika  klatawa,  perhaps  I  shall 

go.     Q.  Kah  inika  kahpho  ?  where  is  your  brother  ?    A.  Klonass, 

/  donH  know. 
Klone,  adj.     Chinook,  Tklon.     Three. 

Klook,  a(^y.   English.    Crooked.   'KXook  iGL\\\y\i,  broken  legged  ;  lame. 
Klootch-man,  n.     Nootka  and  Tokwaht,  Klutsma.     A  woman;  a 

female  of  any  animal.     Tenas  klootshman,  a  girl;  klootchraan  kiu- 

atan,  a  mare. 
Klose,  or  Kloshe,  adj.,  adv.    Nootka;  Tokwaht,  Klohtl;  Makah, 

Klotelo;  Nisqually,  Klob.     Good;  well;  well  enough.     Kloshe 

nannitsh,  look  out;  take  care ;  hyas  kloshe,  very  well. 
Elose-spose.     Nootka,  Klohtl  ;  English,  Suppose.     Shall  or  may 

I ;  let  me.     Ex.  Klose-spose  nika  maraook  pia  okook  ?  shall  I  cook 

thai  ?  (literally,  \is  i<]  good  that  I  make  cook  that  ?). 
Elugh,  or  Klugh-klugh.     Chinook,  Klukh.     To  tear.     Mnmook 

klugh  illahie,  to  plough  (literally,  to  tear  the  ground). 
Kluk-ulh',  or  Klak-alh',  adj.     Chihalis,  Tlukutlh.    Broad  or 

wide,  as  of  a  plank. 
Ko,  V.     Chinook,  idem.     Tb  reach;  arrive  at.     Chee  klaska  ko,  they 

have  just  come ;  kansih  nesika  ko  kopa  Nisqually  ?  when  shall  we 

reach  Nisquully. 
Eo'-ko,  V.     Chinook  (by  onoma.).     To  knock.    Koko  stick,  a  wood- 
pecker. 
Kok'-shut,  V.    Nootka,  Kakhshetl  ;  Klaokwat,  Kwaohitl.    In  the 

original,  dead.     To  break ;  broken;  to  beat.     Hyas  kokshut,  broken 

tu  pieces. 


PART  I.    CIIIXOOK — ENGLISH. 


11 


-s^- 


d- 

le 


Kon'-a-way,  adj.  Cliinook,  KAsAWfe.  All ;  everij.  Klaslca  kon- 
away  klatawa,  they  hare  all  gone ;  konaway  tilikum,  evcrijbody ; 
konaway  kali,  everywhere. 

Koo'-sah,  or  K6-sah,  n.  Chinook,  Ekosakii.  The  sky.  Only 
used  on  the  Columbia. 

'K.O'-'pa.,  cdv.,  prep.  Chinook,  idem.  To;  in;  at;  with;  towards; 
of;  about;  concerning ;  there  or  in  that  place.  Ex.  Kopa  nika  house, 
at  my  house;  lolo  okook  kopa  mika,  take  that  home  ivith  you 
(equivalent  to  the  French  chez  vous) ;  cultus  kopa  nika,  it  is  vothimj 
to  me.  Q.  Kah  okook  lope!  where  is  that  rope?  A.  (inotioninj* 
with  the  chin  towards  the  place)  Kopah. 

Ko-pet',  v.,  adv.  Chinook,  idem.  To  stop;  leave  off;  fnouyh. 
Kopet  wau-wau,  stop  talking;  kopet  ikt,  oidy  one ;  kopet  okook, 
that's  all ;  wake  siah  kopet,  nearly  finished;  kopet  tomalla,  day 
after  to-morrow. 

Eow,  V.  Chinook,  Kau-kau.  To  tie;  to  fasten.  Kow  mika  kiua- 
tan,  tie  your  horse ;  ikt  kow,  a  bundle. 

Eull,  adj.  Chinook,  K'hcl-k'hul.  Hard  in  substance;  difficult. 
Chahko  kuU,  to  become  hard ;  mamook  kull,  to  harden;  to  cause  to 
become  hard ;  hyas  kull  spose  mamook,  it  is  very  hard  to  do  so; 
kull  stick,  oak  or  any  hard  wood. 

Kul-lagh',  or  KlJ-lagh'-an,  n.  Chihalis,  Kullakh  ;  Lummi,  Kul- 
LUKHAN.  A  fence;  a  corral,  or  inclosure.  Kullagh  stick,  fence 
rails.  In  the  original,  it  meant  the  stockade  with  which  Indian 
houses  are  often  surrounded. 

Kmn'-tuks,  or  Kame-taks,  v.  Nootka,  Kommetak  (Jewitt); 
Tokwaht,  KuMiTUKs ;  Clayoquot,  Kemitak.  Toknov;  understand; 
be  acquainted  with;  imagine;  believe.  Mamook  kumtuks,  to  ex- 
plain; teach;  hyas  kumtuks  solleks  (literally,  well  to  understand 
anger),  to  be  passionate;  kopet  kumtuks,  to  forget ;  halo  kumtuks, 
stupid ;  without  understanding  ;  (of  a  horse)  hyas  yakka  kumtuks 
cooley,  he  can  run  fast  (literally,  he  knows  well  to  riin)\  kumtuks 
kliminawhit,  to  he  a  liar  ;  to  understand  lyirg  ;  nika  kumtuks  okook 
tyee,  /  know  that  chief;  nika  kumtuks  Klikatat  wau-wau,  /  under- 
stand  the  Klikatat  language. 

Kun'-a-moxt,  adj.  Chinook,  Konaway  moxt.  Both;  together 
(literally,  all  two).     Kunamoxt  kahkwa,  both  alike. 

Kun'-sih,  Kan  -sih,  Kun'-juk,  Kun'-jie,  adv.  Chinook,  Kun- 
SEUKH.  JIow  many;  when;  ever.  Kuiisih  tilikum  mitlite?  hoio 
many  people  are  there?  kunsih  mika  klatawa?  wlien  do  you  go? 
wake  kunsih,  never ;  mamook  kunsih,  to  count. 


12 


DICTIONARY    OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 


Kush'-is,  w.     Cliilialis,  Kosiiis.     Stockings.     In  the  original,  any 

clastic  article  of  dress.     Not  in  general  use. 
Kwah'-ne-sum,  rtt?y.    Cliinook,  KwAnisum;  Yakama,  Kwalisim. 

Always  ;  forever. 
Kwah-nice,  n.    Klikatat,  Kwaddis.    A  whale. 
Kwahta,  n.     English.     The  quarter  of  a  dollar.    The  quarter  of 

any  number  is  usually  expressed  in  Jargon  by  tenas  sitkum,  i.  e.,  a 

small  half. 
Kwah'-tin.    See  Yakwahtin. 

Kwaist,  or  Eweest,  adj.     Chinook,  Kwaitst.    Nine. 
Kwa-lal'-kwa-lal',  v.    Chinook,  Kwullil-kwullil.     To  gallop. 
Kwal'h,  n.     Chihalis,  Kwatlh.     An  aunt. 
Kwann,  adj.     Chinook,  Kwan-kwan.     Glad.     According  to  Mr. 

Anderson,  it  means  a  custom  or  habit.     It  is  used  by  some  in  this 

sense  as  tamed  or  broken,  as  of  a  horse  (McCormick).    Kwal  is 

Nisqually  for  tame. 
Kwass,  ».,  adj.    Chinook,  idem.    Fear;  afraid ;  tame,    Mamook 

kwass,  to  frighten;  to  tame. 
Kwates,  or  Kwehts,  adj.     Chihalis,  Kwets.     Sour. 
K'weh-k'Weh,  n.     Chinook,  Okw^kwk  (by  onoma.).    A  mallard 

duck.     Used  chiefly  at  mouth  of  the  Columbia. 
Kwek-wi-ens,  n.     Chihalis,  idem.     A  pin.     Of  limited  use. 
Kweo-kweo,  n.     Chinook,  Tkweo-kwko.     A  ring ;  a  circle. 
KTVetlh,  adj.    Chihalis,  idem.    (Anderson.)     Proud.     Not  in  gen- 
eral use. 
KTvin'-niun,  adj.     Chinook,  Kwenem.    Five. 
Kwish,  or  Kweesh,  interj.    Refusing  any  thing  contemptuously. 

Equivalent  to  "iVb  you  donH.''^     Used  on  the  lower  Columbia. 
Kwit'-shad-ie,  n.     Nisqually,  Kwutshdie.     The  hare  or  rabbit. 

Confined  to  Puget  Sound. 
Ewo-lann',  or  Kwo-lah'-nie,  n.     Chihalis,  KwolAn  ;  Nisqually, 

KwiLANi.     The  ear.     Halo  kwolann,  or,  ikpooie  kwolann,  deaf. 
Evnilh,  or  K'Wult,  v.     Chinook,  Kwult'h.      To  hit;   to  wound 

with  an  arrow  or  gun;   to  strike  with  a  stick  or  stone;   or  in  any 

manner  without  cutting;  to  hit, 
E'Virun'-nun,  n.    Chihalis,  idem.    A  count ;  numbers,    Ex.  Mamook 

kwunnun,  to  count.     Of  merely  local  use. 
Ewutl,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Literal Iy,/ds^     To  push  or  squeeze, 

as  in  packing ;  hyas  mamook  kwutl,  haul  tight. 


PART  I.    CHINOOK — ENGLISH. 


18 


L 


I 


A  h'idlc. 
The  mouth;  mouth  of  a  river 


Iia-bleed',  n.     French,  La.  bride. 
Xia-boos',  n.     French,  La  douche, 

Moxt  hvboos,  the  forks  of  a  river, 
Ija-boo-ti',  n.     French,  La  bouteille.     A  Lottie. 
La-ca-lat',  n.     French,  La  carotte.     A  carrot. 
Ija-ca-set',  n.     French,  La  casette.     A  box,  trunk,  or  chest. 
Xia-clo-a,  n.     French,  La  croix.     A  cross. 
Lagh,  t'.     Chinook,  Lakh.     To  lean  ;  to  tip,  as  a  boat ;  to  sloop  ;  to 

bend  over,  as  a  tree.    Wake  mika  lagh  kopa  okook  house,  don''t  lean 

against  that  house. 
Xja-gome,  n.     French,  La  oomme.     Pitch ;  glue.     La  gome  stick, 

light-wood;  the  pitch-pine. 
Xja-gvriu',  or  La-kween',  n.    Quaere  u.  d.    A  saw. 
lia-haL    See  Slahal. 
Lahb,  ft.     Frencli,  L'herbe.     The  arbutus  uva  ursi,  the  loaves  of 

which  are  used  in  smoking,  alone  or  mixed  with  tobacco. 
La-hash,  n.     French,  La  hache.    An  axe  or  hatchet. 
Ija-kam-mas'.    See  Kamass. 
Lak'-it,  or  Lok'-it,  adj.     Chinook,  Lakt.     Four;  four  times. 

Lakit  taht-lehnn,  forty. 
La'-kles,  n.     French,  La  graisse.     Fat;  oil.     See,  also,  Glease. 
Xia-lah,  V.    Chinook,  Lakhwhola.    To  cheat ;  fool ;  to  practise  jokes. 

Maniook  lalah,  to  make  fan. 
Iia-lahm',  or  La-lum',  n.    F'-ench,  La  rame.    An  oar.    Mamook 

lalahm,  to  roio. 
Iia-lang,  n.     French,  La  langue.     The  tongue;  a  language. 
Xia-leem',  «.    French,  La  lime.    A  fie. 
Xia-messe',  n,     French,  idem.     The  ceremony  of  the  mass. 
La-mes-tin,  or  Iia-mo-tchin,  n.    French,  La  medecine.    Mcdc- 

cine,  not  including  magic. 
Xiam'-mi-eh,  or  Xiam-mi-i,  n.     French,  La  vieille.     An  old 

woman. 
Xja-mon-ti,  or  Xia-xn6-ti,  n.   French,  La  montagne.    A  mountain. 
Xja-peep',  n.    French,  La  tipe.    A  tobacco-pipe.     Lapcep  kullakala 

(literally,  the  "  pipe-bird"),   the  band-tailed  eagle,  as  its  feathers 

were  used  to  ornament  the  pipe  stems. 
Xia-pehsh,  n.    French,  La  perche.    A  pole ;  the  setting-pole  oj  a 

boat  or  canoe. 


u 


DICTIONARY    OF   TUE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 


French,  La  planciie.     A  hoard. 

French,  La  PofiLE.     A  fryiny-pan.     Mamook  lapocl, 

French,  La  pomme.     An  apple. 
French,  La  POULE.    A  fowl ;  poultry.    Siwash  lapool, 


A  fork. 


La-pel-lah,  v.    Qujcre  if  from  the  French,  Le  foyer.    Mamook 

lapcllah,  to  roaxt  before  the  fire. 
La-pelle',  n.     French,  La  pki.le.     A  shovel  or  spade. 
La-pe-osh',  n.    French,  La  piociie.     A  mattock ;  a  hoe. 
La-piege,  n.     French,  La   pi^oe.     A   trap.     Ecna  la  piege,  a 

bcaver-trap. 
La-plash,  n. 
La-po-el',  n. 

to  fry. 

La-p6me,  n. 
La-pool',  n. 

the  (/rouse. 

La-poo-shet',  n.    French,  La  fourchette. 

La-pote,  n.     French,  La  porte.     A  door. 

La-sanjel,  n.     French,  La  tingle,     A  girth ;  a  sash;  a  belt. 

La-see,  n.     French,  La  scie.     A  saw. 

La-seir,  n.     French,  La  selle.     A  saddle. 

La-shal-loo,  or  La-shal-lee,  n.    French,  La  ciiarrue.    A  plough. 

La-shan-del,  n,    French,  La  ceiandelle.    A  candle. 

La-shase,  n,     French,  La  chaise.     A  chair. 

La-shen',  n.     French,  La  chaine.     A  chain. 

Las-siet',  72.    French,  L'assistte.    A  plate. 

La-sway,  n.,  adj.     French,  La  soie.     Silk;  silken. 

La-tahb,  n.     Frencli,  La  table.     A  table. 

La-tet',  n.     French,  La  t^te.     The  head.     Pil  latet,  red-headed. 

La-tlah',  n.  French,  Train  ;  as,  "  ne  faites  pas  de  train."  (Ander- 
son).    A  noise.     Mamook  latlah,  to  make  a  noise. 

La-wen',  n.     French,  L'avoine.     Oats. 

La-west^  n.     French,  La  veste.    A  waistcoat. 

Lazy,  adj.     English,  idem.     Lazy. 

Le-bah-do  (often  pronounced  lab'-a-do),  n.  French,  Le  bardeau. 
A  shiny  le. 

Le-bal',  n.     French,  idem.     A  ball;  bullet.    Tenas  lebal,  shot. 

Le-bis'-kwie,  n.  French,  Le  biscuit.  Biscuit;  crackers;  hard 
bread. 

Le-blau',  «.,  adj. 

colored. 
Le-clem',  n.,  adj 


French,  Le  blond. 


French,  Le  cr^im^ 
colored  or  light  dun  horse, 
Le-cock',  n.     iVi...cli,  Le  coq.     A  cock;  a  fowl, 
Le-doo',  n.     French,  Le  doigt.     A  finger. 


A  sorrel  horse;   chestnut 
Cream-colored ;  a  cream 


PART   I.     CHINOOK — ENOLISn. 


15 


ook 


c,  a 
pool, 
pool, 


uffh. 


idcr- 


EAU. 

hard 
tnut 
earn 


3 


Ije-gl6y,  n.,  adj.     French,  Le  oris,  or  English  Giiay,  with  French 

article.     A  gray  horse;  gray. 
Le-jaub'.    See  Diaub. 
Le-kleh,  n,    French,  Le  clef.     A  key.     Mamook  Ic  klch,  lock  the 

door. 
Le-kloo',  n.    French,  Le  clou.    A  nail;  nuils. 
XiO-koo',  n.    French,  Le  cou.     The  neck. 
Le-ky'e,  n.,  adj.     Mr.  Anderson  derives  this  from  a  Canadian  word 

caille,  meani  ig  a  piebald  horse.     Li  its  jargon  use,  it  means,  also,  a 

spot,  spotted,  or  speckled ;  as,  lekye  salmon,  the  sjjotted  or  winttr 

salmon  {salmo  canis,  Suckley). 
Xie-lo'-'ba,  n.     French,  Le  ruban.     A  ribbon. 
Xje-loo',  n.     French,  Le  loup.     A  wolf  (the  large  wolf). 
Le-mah,  or  Xieh-ma,  n.     French,  La  main.     The  hand ;  the  arm. 

Kloshe  lemah,  the  right  (literally,  the  good  hand) ;  potlatch  Icmah, 

shake  hands. 
Xje-mah-to,  n.    French,  Le  marteau.     A  hammer. 
Le-mel',  n.    French,  Le  mulet.    A  mule. 
Xje-xno'-lo,  n.,  adj.     French  Canadian,  Le  moron;  undoubtedly  a 

corruption  of  MARRON,  a  y-Mjjajw/y /if^ro.      Wild;  untamed.     It  ap- 
plies to  men  as  well  as  animals,  as,  for  instance,  to  the  tribes  which 

have  had  no  intercourse  with  the  settlements. 
Iie-moo'-to,  or  Lam'-mu-to,  n.    French,  Les  moutons.     Sheep. 
Le-pan',  n.     French,  Le  pain.     Bread  ;  rained  or  light  bread. 
Le-pee',  n.     French,  Le  pied.     The  feet. 
Iie-pish'-e-mo,  n.     Quaere  u.  d.     The  saddle-blanket  and  housings 

of  a  horse. 
Le-plet,  n.     French,  Le  pr^tre.     A  priest. 
Le-pwau',  n.     French,  Les  pois.     Peas. 
Xje-sak',  n.     French,  Le  sac.     A  bag;  a  pocket. 
Le-sap',  or  Le-zep',  n.     French,  Les  (eufs.     An  egg;  eggs. 
Le-see-blo,  n.     French,  Les  ^perons.     Spurs. 
Le-see-ZO,  n.     French,  Le  ciseau.     Scissors. 
Le-sook,  n.     French,  Le  sucre.     Sugar. 
Le-tah,  n.     French,  Le  dent.     The  teeth. 
Le-whet',  n.     French,  Le  fouet.     A  whip.     Mamook  Icwhet,  to 

whip. 
Xiice,  n.    English.    Eice. 
Lik-pu'-hu,  or  Lik'-po,  n.     (Hale.)     An  elder  sister.     Mr.  Hale 

gives  this  as  a  Chinook  word.     If  so,  it  is  probably  a  corruption  oi 

Kup'ho.    It  is  not  used  in  Jargon. 


10 


DICTIoNAIiY    OF   THK   CHINOOK   JARGON. 


liip'-lip,  V.     I3y  onoma.  (Hale).     To  bull.     Mamook  liplip,  to  make^ 

or  cause  tn  boil. 
L6-I0,  V.     Chinook,  idem.     Originally,  to  carry  a  child  on  the  back. 

In  Jargon,  used  in  a  more  extended  sense.     To  carry ;   to  load. 

Lolo  kopa  tsiktsik,  to  carry  in  a  cart.     Mamook  lolo  kopa  canira, 

to  load  into  a  canoe. 
IjO-1o',  adj.     Chinook,  Lowullo.     Bound ;  whole ;  the  entire  of  any 

thine/.    Lolo  sapeleel,  lohole  wheat ;  mamook  lolo,  to  roll  up  (Shaw). 
Liope,  n.     English,  Rope.    A  rope.    Tcnas  lope,  o  cord ;  skin  lope, 

a  raw  hide,  riala,  or  thong. 
Luk'-ut-chee,  or  La-kwit-chee,  n.    French,  La  coquillk.  (?) 

Clams.     Used  chiefly  on  Puget  Sound. 
IiUm,  n.     English,  Rum.     Spirits  of  any  sort. 


M. 


IVCah-kook,  v.,  n.  Nootka,  Makuk  ;  Nittinat  and  Tokwaht,  idem ; 
Makah,  Bakwatl.  To  buy  or  sell;  trade  or  exchange;  a  bargain. 
As  their  buying  and  selling  was  merely  barter,  the  same  word  always 
answered  for  both  operations.  Kah  mika  mahkook  okook  calipeen  ? 
where  did  you  buy  that  rifie  ?  hyas  mahkook,  dear ;  tenas  mahkook, 
cheap. 

Mah-kook-house.     A  trading-house  or  a  store. 

Mah-lie,  t'.    Nisqually.     To  forget.     Of  local  use  on  Puget  Sound, 

Mahsh,  V.  a.  French,  Marcher.  To  leave ;  to  turn  out;  to  throw 
away ;  to  part  with;  remove.  Ex.  Mahsh  chuck  kopa  boat,  bail 
the  boat  out/  mahsh  okook  salmon,  throw  away  that  fish;  mahsh 
maika  capo,  take  off  your  coat;  mahsh!  (to  a  dog)  get  out!  mahsh 
tenas,  to  have  a  child ;  to  be  delivered ;  yakka  mahsh  tura-tum  kopa 
nika,  he  has  given  me  his  orders,  or  told  me  his  wishes;  mahsh  kow, 
to  untie ;  mahsh  stone,  to  castrate. 

Mah-sie,  v.     French,  Mercie.     Thank  you. 

Maht-lin-nie,  ac^v.  Chinook,  MAtuni.  Offshore.  (In  boating), 
kicp  off!  (if  on  land),  towards  the  water. 

HVEaht-'wil-lie,  adv.  Chinook,  MAthwili.  In  shore;  shoreward. 
(As  a  command),  keep  in;  (on  land),  towp.rds  the  woods,  or  the 
interior, 

IMa-lah,  n.     Chinook,  Malagii.     Tinware;  crockery;  eart/ienware. 

IVEal-i  eh,  v.     French,  Marier.     To  marry. 

lIVEa'-ina,  n.     English,  Mamma.     A  mother. 

!DiIajn'-ook,  f.  a.    Nootka,  Mamuk.     To  make;  to  do;  to  work.    It 


PART   I.     CHINOOK — KNGLISH, 


17 


is  the  general  active  verb,  and  is  used  largely  in  combination  with 
nouns  and  other  verbs;  as,  maniook  chahko,  viake  to  come,  fetch ; 
rnamouk  kelipai,  bring  or  send  lack;  mamook  isick,  to  paddle; 
tnaniook  illahee,  to  dig. 

Man,  n.  English,  idem.  A  man;  the  male  of  any  animal.  Ex. 
Man  moolock,  a  buck  elk ;  tenas  man,  a  young  man  or  boy. 

Mel-a-kwa,  or  M^l-a-k-wa,  n.  French,  Mabanoouin.  (Ander- 
son.)   A  mosquito. 

lyEel'-ass,  n.     French,  Melasse.     Molasses. 

]y[em'-a-loost,  v.,  «.,  part.  Chinook,  M^malust.  To  die;  dead. 
Mamook  memaloost,  to  kill. 

Me-sah-chie,  adj.     Chinook,  Masachi.     Bad;  wicked. 

Me-si'-ka,  p'on.     Chinook,  MesAik a.     You;  your;  yours. 

Mi'-ka, ^j'on.    Chinook,  Maika.    Thou;  thy;  thine. 

lyCi'-mie,  adv.     Chinook,  Maiami.     Down  stream. 

Mist-chi'-xnas,  n.  Quaere  u.  d.  A  slave.  Dr.  Scouler  gives  this 
word  as  Nootka  and  Columbian.  Mr,  Hale  makes  it  Chinook.  It 
is  certainly,  however,  neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis ;  and  Jewitt 
gives  kakoelth  as  Nootka,  while  I  find  the  Makah  word  kotlo,  and 
the  Nittinat  kotl. 

IMEit-ass,  n.  Cree,  Mitas.  (Anderson.)  Leggings.  A  word  im- 
ported by  the  Canadian  French. 

IVtit'-lite,  V.  Chinook,  Mitlait.  To  sit;  sit  down;  stay  at;  re- 
side; remain.  It  is  also  used  in  place  of  to  have  and  to  be.  Ex. 
Mitlite  kopa  house,  he  is  in  the  house;  mitlite  hyiu  salmon  kopa 
mika?  have  you  plenty  of  salmon?  mitlite  {imp.),  sit  down;  cultus 
mitlite,  to  stop  anywhere  without  particular  object;  mitlite  tenas,  to 
be  with  child;  mitlite  keekwillie,  to  put  down. 

IVIit'-whit,  V.  Chinook,  Ametwhet.  To  stand;  stand  up.  Mit- 
whit  stick,  a  standing  tree ;  a  mast. 

Mokst,  adj.    Chinook,  Makst.     Two;  twice. 

Moo'-la,  n.    French,  Moulin.    A  mill.     Stick  moola,  a  saw-mill. 

Ulloo'-lock,  n.  Chinook,  Em6lck.  An  elk.  This  word,  strangely 
enough,  occurs  also  in  the  Koquilth  of  Humboldt  Bay. 

Moon,  n.  English,  idem.  The  moon.  Ikt  Jioon,  a  month;  sick 
moon,  the  wane  or  old  moon. 

Moos'-moos,  n.  Klikatat,  Musmus  ;  Chinook,  Emusmus.  Buffalo  , 
homed  cattle.  The  word,  slightly  varied,  is  common  to  several  lan- 
guages. Mr.  Anderson  derives  it  from  the  Cree  word  moostoos,  a 
buffalo,  and  supposes  it  to  have  been  imported  by  the  Canadians ; 
but  Father  Pandosy  makes  mus7nus  Yakama. 
3 


i 


18 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE  CHINOOK  JARGON. 


BdOO'-SUm,  v.,  n.  Chihalis,  Musam.  To  sleep;  sleep.  Tikogh  moo- 
sum,  or  olo  nioosum,  to  be  sleepy  (literally,  to  want,  or  be  hungry  for 
sleep) ;  nika  hyas  moosuni,  /  slept  very  sound. 

M6w-itsh,  or  Mah'-witsh,  n.  Nootka,  Mauitsh  (Ilalc) ;  Nit- 
tinat,  MoiTSH,  o  deer;  Nootka,  Moowatsii,  a  bear  (Jewitt).  A 
deer;  venison.  Frequently  used  to  signify  a  wild  animal ;  as,  hul- 
oima  raowitch,  a  strange  or  different  kind  of  beast.  The  meaning 
given  in  Jewitt's  book  is  probably  a  misprint.  Like  moolock,  an 
elk,  the  word  is  found  in  the  Koquilth  of  Humboldt  Bay. 

M^ck-a-muok,  n.,  v.  Quaere  u.  d.  Makamak  (Hale).  To  eat;  to 
bite;  food.  Muckamuck  chuck,  &c.,  to  drink  water,  or  other  liquid. 
Neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis.  Mr.  Anderson  considers  it  an  in- 
vented wo'd. 

Mus'-ket,  n.  English,  idem.  A  gun  or  musket.  Stick  musket,  a 
bow. 

N. 

Na.  The  interro;;^.''tive  particle.  Ex.  Mika  na  klatawa  okook  sun  I 
do  you  go  to-d{f.ti  ?  Interrogation  is,  however,  often  conveyed  by 
intonation  only. 

Na-ah,  n.  Chinook,  Tlkanaa.  A  mother.  (Hale.)  Peculiar  to 
the  Columbia,  and  now  in  fact  obsolete,  the  English  Ma'ma  being 
used  instead. 

]Nah,  interj.  Common  to  several  languages.  Look  here!  I  say! 
Nah  sikhs!  halloo,  friend !  Also  uatd  in  common  conversation  to 
caM  attention  to  some  point  not  thoroughly  understood.  In  the 
Yakama  language,  it  is  the  sign  of  the  vocative ;  as,  nah  tehn  I  0 
man. 

Nan'-itsh,  V.  Quajre  u.  d.  To  see;  look;  look  for;  seek.  Nan- 
itsh !  look  there  !  kloshe  nanitsh  1  look  out !  take  care  !  cultus  nan- 
itsh,  to  look  round  idly,  or  from  curiosity  only.  Mamook  nanitsh,  to 
show.  The  word  is  neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis.  Dr.  Scouler  gives 
nannanitch  as  Nootka  and  Columbian.     It  is  possibly  the  former. 

Nau'-its,  adv.  Chihalis,  Noitsh.  Mr.  Hale  gives  this  for  off  shore; 
on  the  stream.  It  means,  according  to  Mr.  Anderson,  the  sea-beach, 
and  is  not  properly  a  Jargon  word. 

Na-wit'-ka,  adv.  Chinook,  idem ;  Klikatat  and  Yakama,  N'witka. 
Yes;  certainly;  yes  indeed ;  to  be  sure.  Nawitka  wake  nika  kura- 
tuks,  indeed  I  donU  know.  In  answer  to  a  negative  question,  many 
Indians  use  it  as  affirming  the  negative.  Ex.  Wake  mika  nanitsh  ? 
did  you  not  see  [it]  ?    Nawitka,  /  did  not. 


Ne 


PART  I.    CHINOOK — ENOLlSn. 


19 


Nem,  n.     English,  Name.     A  name.     Maniook  ncm,  to  name,  or  call 

hy  name, 
Ne-nam-OOks,  n.     Chinook,  EnanAmuks.     The  land  otter. 
Ne  sl'-ka,  ;j»'o».     Chinook,  Ni.saik a.     We;  us;  our. 
Ne'-whah.     Chinook,  Niwha.     It  sccnis  to  he  an  adverb  nsod, 

as  is  often  the  case,  as  a  verb,  the  meaning  being  hither,  conn;  or 

brinff  it  hither.     Ex.  Newhah  nika  nanitsh,  here,  let  me  see  it, 
Ni'-ka,  joron.     Chinook,  Naika.     /;  me;  my;  mine. 
Nose,  n.     English,  idem.     The  nose;   also,  a  promontory.     Boat 

nose,  the  how  of  a  boat. 


ill 


0. 


O'-koke,  or  O'-kook,  pron.     Chinook,  Okok.     This;   that;   it. 

Iktah  okook?  what  is  that?  okook  sun,  to-day;  okook  klaksta,  he 

who;  okook  klaska,  they  (being  present).     It  is  often  abbreviated 

to  oke  ;  as,  oke  sun. 
O '-la-pit S-ki,  n.    Chinook,  Oolpitski.     (Hale.)    Fire.    Not  prop- 
erly a  Jargon  word. 
O'-le-man,  n.,  adj.    English,  Old  man.     An  old  man;  old;  worn 

out.     Hyas  olcman  kiuatan,  a  very  old  horse.    As  regards  articles, 

used  in  the  sense  of  worn  out. 
Ol'-hy-iu,  n.     Chinook,  Olhaiyu.     A  seal. 
O'-lil-lie,  or  O'-lal-lie,  n.    Belbella,  idem.    (Tolmie.)    Originally 

the  salmon  berry.     Chinook,  Klalei.lt,  berries  in  general.    Berries. 

Shot  olillie,  huckleberries  ;  siahpult  olillie,  raspberries  ;  salmon  olillie, 

salmon  berrie?,  &c.    On  Puget  Sound,  always  called  Olallie. 
O'-lo,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Hungry.     Olo  chuck,  thirsty;    olo 

moosum,  sleepy. 
O'-luk,  n.    Chihalis,  idem.     A  snake. 
O'-na,  «.    Chinook,  Eona.     The  razor  fish  or  solen;  clams.    Used 

only  at  mouth  of  the  Columbia. 
^OS'-kan,  n.    Chinook.     A  cup ;  a  bowl. 
O'-pe-kwan,  n.     Chinook,  6pekwanh.     A  basket;  tin  kettle. 
O'-pitl-kegh,  n.     Chinook,  6ptlike.    A  bow. 
O'-pit-sah,  n.     Chinook,  6pt8Akh.     A  knife.     Opitsah  yakka  sikhs 

(^ihe  knife's  friend),  a  fork.    The  word  is  also  used  to  denote  a 

sweetheart. 
O'-pOOts,  or  O'-pOOtsh,  n.     Chinook,  OBfiPUXSH,  the  fundament. 

The  posterior ;  the  fundament;  the  tail  of  an  animal.     Boat  opoots, 

the  rudder;  opoots-sill,  a  breech  clout. 


90 


DKJTIONAKY   OF   THE   CHINOOK   JAliOON 


Ote-lagh,  n.     (Ifiili!.)    Chinook,  OiixLAKit.     The  sun.    Not  prop- 

fily  .'I  .lari,'i)ii  word. 
Ow,  ».     Chinook,  Au.     A  brother  youmjer  than  the  speaker. 


r. 

Pahtl,  "'(/'.  Chinook,  rAri,.  Fall.  I'uhtl  Iiun  or  pnht-Ium,  rfrwH^t; 
jiahil  chiitk,  wvt;  juihf'  ilhihic,  dirtij ;  inuniook  pahtl,  to  Jill. 

Faint,  or  Pent,  ».,  uitj.    Kngiisli,  Paint.    Mainook  pent,  to  paint. 

Papa,  V.     Kiigli.sh,  idem.     A  father. 

Pa'see-sie,  w.     Cliinook,  PAsisi.     A  hlanhet ;  woollen  cloth. 

Pa-si'-OOks,  «.,  «'(/.  Chinook,  pAsiaruKH.  French;  a  French- 
viiin.  Mr.  Halo  supposed  this  to  bo  a  corruption  of  the  French 
word  Fnnifdis.  It  is,  liowcver,  really  derived  from  the  foregoing 
Word,  Pahihi,  with  the  terminal  uks,  which  is  a  plural  form  ap- 
jilicd  to  living  beings.  Lewis  and  Clarke  (vol.  ii.,  p.  413)  give 
J'lixhislKvoks,  cloth  men,  as  the  Chinook  name  for  the  whites,  and 
this  explanation  was  also  furnished  mo  by  people  of  that  tribe.  It 
has  sini'o  boon  generally  restricted  to  the  French  Canadians,  thongli 
among  some  of  the  tribes  cast  of  the  Cascade  Range,  it  is  applied 
indiscriminately  to  all  the  Hudson's  Bay  people. 

Pchih,  or  Pit-chih,  adj.  Quan-e  u.  d.  Thin  in  dimension^  as  of  a 
board.     (Shaw.)     Not  in  common  use. 

Pe-chugh,  adj.    Chinook,  Ptskkii.     Green. 

"PeBfCoiij.  French,  Puis.  (Anderson.)  Then;  besides;  and;  or; 
but.  Pee  weght,  a«t/ a/io;  besides  which ;  pee  nika  wauwau  wake, 
h'lt  I  SOI/,  ^"o. 

Peh'-pah,  ».  English,  Paper.  Paper;  a  letter;  any  writing. 
Maniouk  pelipah,  to  ivrite. 

Pel-ton,  «.,  "(//.  Jargon.  A  fool ;  foolish ;  crazy.  Kahkwa  pel- 
ton,  like  a  fool;  liyas  pelton  niika,  yon  are  very  silly. 

The  Indians  adopted  this  word  from  the  name  of  a  derang<Nl 
pirson,  Archibald  Pelton,  or  perhaps  Felton,  whom  Mr.  Wilson  P. 
Hunt  found  on  his  journey  to  Astoria,  and  carried  there  with  him. 
The  circumstance  is  meutioned  by  Franchere,  in  his  "  Narrative," 
trans,  p.  149. 

Pe-shak',  or  Fe-shuk',  adj.    Nootka,  Peshuk;   Nittinat,  idem. 

Bad. 

Pe-what'-tie,  adj.     Chinook,  Pihwati.     Thin,  like  paper,  &c. 
Pi -ah,  n.,  aJj.     English,  Fire.    Fire;  ripe ;  cooked.    Mamouk  piah, 
to  cook;  to  burn;  piah-ship,  u  steamer;  piah  olillie,  ripe  berries; 


rAIlT   I.    CHINOOK — ENOUSH. 


91 


pifth  snpolill,  haknl  bread ;  piah  sick,  the  venereal  disease ;  «ngliillio 
piali,  li(//i(innf/. 

Pil,  (iilj.  Chinook,  Tm'F.i.i'hi..  Fatlicr  Pandosy  gives  I'ltPiM-,  as 
8igiiif)ing  m/,  in  the  Ncz  IVrco  or  Salia[)tin,  also.  Jinf ;  of  a  red- 
diiih  color.  Pil  iWahie,  red  clay  or  vermilion;  pil  dolla,  ^uld ;  pil 
t'hickainin,  copper;  pil  kiuatan,  a  hay  or  cheslnttt  hone. 

Fil'-pil,  n.  Jargon.  lUood,  Malisli  pilpil,  to  bleed ;  to  menstruate. 
Derived  from  the  foregoing. 

Pish,  n.     Knglish.     Fiiih. 

Fit-lilh',  or  Pit-hlil',  aJj.  Qurcro  u.  d.  Thick  in  consistence,  as 
molasses. 

Piu-piu,  n.  Frcncli,  Pi'er,  to  stink.  Or  from  tlic  sound  often  ut- 
tered expressive  of  disgust  at  a  bad  smell.     A  .ikttnk. 

Poh,  V,  Chinook,  idem.  By  onoma.  Mamook  poh,  to  blow  out  or 
extinguish,  as  a  candle. 

Po'-lak  lie,  «.,  adj.  Chinook,  Polakm.  Nir/ht;  darkneas;  dark. 
Tcnas  polaklio,  evening;  hyjis  polaklic,  late  at  night;  very  dark ; 
sit-kuin  pohiklie,  midnight  (literally,  the  half  night). 

Po'-lal  lie,  r?.  Quiero  French,  PoiDKE.  Gunpowder;  dust;  sand. 
Polallic  illahic,  sandy  ground.  The  word  is  certainly  neither  Chi- 
nook nor  Ciiihalis. 

Poo,  «.  By  ononi.n.  (Ilalc.)  The  sound  of  a  gun.  Mamook  poo, 
to  shoot;  moxt  poo,  a  douhlc-harrellcd  gun;  tohura  poo,  a  six- 
shooter.     Nisqually,  Opoo,  to  break  wind. 

Poo'-lie,  adj.     French,  Poueri.    Rotten. 

Pot'-latch,  or  Paht'-latsh,  n.,  v.  Nootka,  Paiiciiilt  (Jewitt) ; 
Paciiaetl,  or  Paciiatl  (Cook).  A  gift;  to  give.  Cultus  pot- 
latch,  a  present  or  free  gift. 

Pow'-itsh,  n.     Chinook,  Pauitsii.     A  crab-apple. 

Fuk'-puk,  n.  Probably  an  invented  word.  A  blow  with  the  fist ; 
a  fist-fight.  Mamook  pukpuk,  <o  ioa;,*  to  fight  with  the  fists ;  puk- 
puk  solleks,  to  fight  in  anger. 

Fuss'-puss,  n.  English.  A  cat.  On  Pugct  Sound,  pronounced 
pish-jjish.     Hyas  pusspuss,  a  cougar. 


I 


S. 

Sagh-a-lie,  or  Sah'-ha-lie,  adj.  Chinook,  Sakhali;  Clatsop, 
Ukhshakhali.  Up;  above;  high.  Saghalie  tyee  (literally,  the 
chief  above),  God.  A  terra  invented  by  the  missionaries  for  want 
of  a  native  one. 


22 


DICriONARY    OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 


Sail)  or  Sill,  n,     English,  Sail.     A  sail ;  any  cotton  or  linen  goods. 

Maraook  sail,  to  make  sail;  mamook  koekwillic  sail,  to  take  in  sail ; 

tzum  sail,  printed  cloth  or  calico. 
Sa-kol'-eks,  or  Se-kol'-uks,  n.     Chinook,  Tsakaluks,  leggings. 

Trowsers;  pantaloons.     Keekwillie  sakoleks,  drawers. 
Sal-lal',  n.     Chinook,   Klkwushala.      (Shelwell   of  Lewis  and 

Clarke.)      The  sallal  berry  ;  fruit  oi  gualtheria  shallon. 
Salmon,  n.     English,  idem.     The  salmon;  fish  generally.     Tyee 

salmon,  i.e.,  chief  salmon,  the  spring  salmon  {salmo  kioinnat,  Rich.) ; 

niasahchie  salmon,  a  winter  species  (salmo  canis^  Suckley);  tzum 

salmon,  salmon  trout. 
Salt,  «.,  cidj.     English,  'dem.     Salt,  or  a  salt  taste.     Salt  chuck,  the 

sea. 
San-de-lie,  n.,  adj.     French,  Cendr^.     Ash-colored.     (Anderson.) 

A  roan  i  'rse;  roan-colored. 
Sap'-O-lill,  n.    Chinook,  Tsapelil.     Wheat,  fiour,  or  meal.    Piah 

sapolill,  baked  bread;   lolo  sapolill,  whole  wheat.     The  word  has 

been  erroneously  supposed  to  come  from  the  French  la  farine.     It 

is,  however,  a  true  Indian  word,  and  seems  common  to  various 

Columbia  river  tribes.    Pandosy  gives  Saplil  as  Yakama  for  bread; 

Lewis  and  Clarke  write  it  Chapelkll. 
Se-ah-host,  or  Se-agh'-ost,  n.    Chinook,  Siakhost,  the  face.    The 

face;    the  eyes.     Halo  seahhost,  blind;   icht  soahhost,  one-eyed; 

lakit  seahhost  {four  eyes),  or  dolla  seahhost,  spectacles. 
Se-ah-po,  or  Se-ah-pult,  n.    French,  Ciiapeau.     A  hat  or  cap. 

Seahpult  olillie,  the  raspberry. 
Shame,  or  Shem,  n.     English,  idem.     Shame.     Halo  shcm  mika  ? 

arnH  you  ashamed  of  yourself? 
Shan-tie,  v.    French,  Chanter.     To  sing. 

She-lok'-um,  n.     Chinook,  Tsiiailakumit.     (Anderson.)     A  look- 
ing-glass; glass. 
Ship,  n.     English,  idem.     A  ship  or  vessel.     Stick  ship,  a  sailing 

vessel;  piah  ship,  a  steamer ;  ship-man,  a  sailor. 
Shoes,  «.     English,  idem.     Shoes;   skin  shoes;   moccasins.     Stick 

shoes,  boots  or  shoes  made  of  leather. 
Shot, /i.     English,  idem.     Shot;  lead.     Shot  oViW'ie,  huckleberries, 
Shu'-gah,  or  Shu'-kwa,  n.     English.     Sugar. 
Shugh,  n.     Chinook,  Shukhshukh.     A  rattle.     An  imitation  doubt- 
less of  the  sound.     (Anderson.)     Shugh-opoots,  a  rattlesnake. 
Shut,  n,     English,  Shirt.     A  shirt. 
Shwah-kuk,  n.    Chihalis,  Shwakeuk.     A  frog. 


PART   I.     CHINOOK — ENGLISH. 


23 


i 

I 


Si-ah,  adj.  Nootka,  Saia.  Far ;  fur  off.  Comparative  distance  is 
expressed  by  intonation  or  repetition  ;  as,  siah-siab,  very  far  ^  wako 
siah,  near,  not  far.  Jewitt  gives  Sieyah  as  the  sky  in  Nootka, 
which  was  perhaps  the  true  meaning,  or,  more  probably,  they 
called  the  sky  "the  afar." 

Si-am,  n.     Chinook,  Ishaiem.     The  grizzly  hear. 

Sick,  adj.  English,  idem.  Sick.  Cole  sick,  tlie  ague;  sick  tum- 
tum,  yrievcd  ;  sorry  ;  jealous  ;  unhappy. 

Sikhs,  or  Shikhs,  n.  Chinook,  Skasiks;  Sahaptin,  Shikstua. 
(Pandosy.)     A  friend.     Used  only  towards  men. 

Sin'-a-moxt,  adj.     Chinook,  Sinimakst.     Seven. 

Si'-pali,  adj.  Wasco.  (Shaw.)  Straight,  like  a  ramrod.  Of  only 
local  use. 

Sis'-ki-you,  n.     Cre^.     (Anderson.)     A  hob-tailed  horse. 

This  name,  ludicrously  enough,  has  been  bestowed  on  the  range 
of  mountains  separating  Oregon  and  California,  and  also  on  a 
county  in  the  latter  State.  The  origin  of  this  designation,  as  re- 
lated to  me  by  Mr.  Anderson,  was  as  follows.  Mr.  Archibald  R. 
McLeod,  a  chief  factor  of  the  Iludsou's  Bay  Company,  in  the  year 
1828,  while  crossing  the  mountains  with  a  pack  train,  was  over- 
taken by  a  snow  storm,  in  which  he  lost  most  of  his  animals,  in- 
cluding a  noted  bob-tailed  race-horse.  His  Canadian  followers,  in 
compliment  to  their  chief,  or  "bourgeois,"  named  the  place  the 
Pass  of  the  Siskiyou, — an  appellation  subsequently  adopted  as  the 
veritable  Indian  name  of  the  locality,  and  which  thence  extended 
to  tha  whole  range,  and  the  adjoining  district. 

Sit'-kum,  n.,  adj.  Chinook,  Sitkum  (Anderson)  ;  Clatsop,  Asitko. 
A  half ;  apart.  Sitkum  dolla,  AaZ/ o  dollar;  sitkum  sun,  noon; 
tcnas  sitkum,  a  quarter,  or  a  small  part. 

Sit'-lay,  or  Sit'-li-ay,  n.  French,  Les  etriers.  (Anderson.) 
Stirrups. 

Sit'-shum,  V.     Chihalis,  idem.     To  swim. 

Si'-wash,  n.,  adj.     French,  Sauvage.     An  Indian;  Indian. 

Skin,  n.  English,  idem.  Skin.  Skin  shoes,  moccasins;  stick  skin, 
the  hark  of  a  tree. 

Skoo'-kum,  or  Skoo-koom',  «.,  adj.  Chihalis,  Skukum.  A 
ghost;  an  evil  spirit  or  demon;  strong.  Skookum  tumtum,  brave ; 
skookum  chuck,  a  rapid. 

Skwak'-wal,  n.  Chinook,  Skakulh  (Anderson);  Clatsop,  Ska- 
KOLi.     A  lamprey  eel.     Of  local  use  only. 

Skwis'-kwis,  n.     Chinook,  Cathlamet  dialect.     ^1  squirrel. 


i 


i 


f 
I 


{\ 


u 


DICTIONARY   OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 


Sla.-hal',  n.  Chinook,  Etlaltlal.  A  game  i^layed  with  ten  small 
disks,  one  of  ivhich  is  marked, 

Smet'-ocks,  n.  Chibalis,  Smettaks.  The  large  clam  {Lutraria). 
Used  only  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cohimbia  river. 

Smoke,  n.     English,  idem.     Smoke;  clouds;  fog;  steam. 

Snass,  n.  Quajre  u.  d.  Main.  Cole  snass,  snow.  The  word  is 
neit.'i^r  Chinook  nor  Chihalis,  and  is  perhaps  manufactured. 

Snow,  n.     English,  idem.     Snoio. 

Soap.  n.     English,  idem.     Soap. 

So-le'-xnie,  n.  Chinook,  Sulamich  (Anderson) ;  Clatsop,  Sholbe. 
The  cranberry. 

Sol'-leks,  or  Sah'-leks,  n.,  adj.  Qufcre  u.  d.  Anger;  angry. 
Mamook  sollcks,  to  fight;  tikegh  soUeks,  to  he  hostile ;  kumtuks 
soUeks,  to  be  passionate. 

So'-pe-na,  v.     Chinook,  T'sopena.     To  jump ;  to  leap. 

Spo'-oh,  or  Spo'-eh,  adj.  Chinook,  idem.  Faded;  any  light 
color,  as  pale  blue,  drab,  &c.     Chahko  spoeh,  to  fade. 

Spoon,  n.    English,  idem.     A  spoon. 

Spose,  conj.  English,  Suppose.  If;  supjwsing;  i^rovided  that;  in 
order  that,  Spose  mika  nanitsh  nika  canim,  if  you  see  my  canoe ; 
spose  nika  klatawa  kopa  Chinook,  if  or  tvhen  I  go  to  Chinook; 
kahkwa  spose,  as  if.     See  Kloshe  spose. 

Stick,  n.,  adj.  English,  idem.  A  stick;  a,  tree;  wood;  wooden. 
Stick  skin,  bark;  ship  stick,  a  mast;  mitwhit  stick,  a  standing 
tree;  icht  stick,  a  yai-d  measure ;  stick  shoes,  leather  shoes  or  boots, 
as  distinguished  from  skin  shoes  or  moccasins ;  kuU  stick,  ofk  (hard 
wood) ;  isick  stick,  the  ash  (paddle  wood). 

Stock'-en,  n,     English.     Stockings  or  socks. 

Stoh,  adj.  Chinook,  idem.  Loose.  Miimook  stoh,  to  untie;  un- 
loose;  undo.    Metaphorically,  to  absolve. 

Stone,  n.  English,  idem.  A  rock  or  titone;  hone ;  horn;  the  testi- 
cles.    Stone  kiuatan,  a  stallion  ;  mahsh  stone,  to  castrate. 

Stote'-kin,  adj.     Chinook,  Stoktkin.     Eight. 

Stutch'-un,  n.     English,  Sturgeon.     The  sturgeon. 

Suk-wal'-al,  n.  Chinook  (Hale) ;  Clatsop,  Shukwalala;  a  gun  or 
musket.     No  longer  used  in  Jargon. 

Sun,  n.  English,  idem.  The  sun;  a  day.  Tenas  sun,  early ;  sit- 
kum  sun,  noon;  klip  sun,  sunset. 

Sun'-day,  n.  English,  idem.  Sunday.  Icht  sunday,  a  7eeek;  liyas 
Sunday,  a  holiday.  A  flag  hoisted  on  a  particular  occasion  is 
sometimes  also  called  Sunday.    The  other  days  of  the  week  are 


PART  I.    CHINOOK — ENGLISH. 


25 


usually  counted  from  this ;  as,  icht,  molest,  klone  sun  kopet  Sun- 
day, one,  two,  or  three  days  after  Sunday.     Saturday  used  to  bo 
ailed  at  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  posts  "muckamuck  suu," 
food  day,  as  the  one  on  which  the  rations  were  issued. 


f      r 


T. 

Tagh'-um,  To'-hum,  or  Tugh'-um,  adj.     Chinook,  Takhum; 

Cowlitz,  TuKHUM ;  Kwantlen,  Tukhum'  ;  Selish,  Takkan.     Six. 
Tahl-Me,   or   Tahnl-kie,   adv.     Chinook,  TAnlki.     Yesterday. 

Icht  tahlkie,  day  before  yesterday. 
Tah-nim,  v.     Chihalis,  idem.     To  measure.     Of  only  local  use,  and 

not  strictly  Jargon. 
Taht'-le-lxim,  or  Tot'-le-lum,  adj.     Chinook,  Tatlelum.     Ten. 

The  combinations  from  this  are  simple.     Moxt,  klone,  &c.,  tahtle- 

lum,  signifying  twenty,  thirty,  &c. ;  tahtlelum  pe  icht,  &c,,  eleven, 

twelve,  &c, 
Tal-a-pus,  n.     Chinook,  iTALirAs;  Yakama,  Telipa.     (Pandosy.) 

The  coyote  or  2)rairie  wolf.    A  sort  of  deity  or  supernatural  being, 

prominent  in  Indian  mythology.     A  sneak. 
Ta-mah-nO-US,  n.     Chinook,  IiAMANAWi^s.     A  sort  of  guardian  or 

familiar  sinrit ;   magic;    luck;  fortune;    any  thing  supernatural. 

One's  particular  forte  is  said  to  bo  hir.  tamahnous.     Mamook  ta- 

mahnous,   to   conjure;    '■'■make  medccine;"    masahcliio   tamahnous, 

witchcraft  or  necroinancy.    Mr.  Anderson  restricts  the  true  meaning 

of  the  word  to  conjuring. 
Ta-mo'-litsh,  or  Ta-mow'-litsh,  n.     Chinook,  Tamulitsh  (An- 
derson);  Yakama,  Tamoutsii  (Pandosy).     A  tub;  barrel;  bucket 

Icht  tamolitsh,  a  bushel  measure. 
Tanse,  v.,  n.     English,  Dance.     To  dance. 
T'chuk'-in,  or  Tsugh'-ken.    See  Ciiuckin. 
Tea,  n.     English,  idem.     Tea. 
Te-ah-wit,  n.     Chinook,  Tiawi;   Clatsop,  Klaawit.      The  leg; 

the  foot.     Klatawa  teahwit,  tc  go  on  foot;  to^valk;  klook  teahwit, 

lame. 
Teh-teh,  v.     Clatsop,  Teteiiaha.     To  trot,  as  a  horse.     Of  local 

use  only. 
Ten'-as,  or  Tan'-as,  n.,  adj.    Nootka,  Tanas;   Tokwaht,  Texes. 

Small;  few;    little;  a  child;   the  yonvn  of  any  onivial.     Mokst 

nika  tenas,  /  have  two  children;  tcnas  hyiu,  a  few;  tenas  sun,  early. 

Jewitt  gives  Tanassis  for  a  child  in  Nootka. 


hi 


It 


ii 


2G 


DICIIONARY   OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 


Te-peh,  n.     Chinook,  Tkpe^h.     Quills  ;  the  wings  of  a  bird. 

Tik-egh,  or  Tu-kegh,  v.  Chinook,  Tukekh.  To  want;  wish; 
love ;  like.  Ilyas  tikcgh,  to  long  for ;  ikta  mika  tikegh  ?  what  do 
ynu  luant? 

Tik'-tik,  n.    By  onoma.     A  watch. 

Til'-i-kum,  n.  Chinook,  Tilikhum.  People.  Applied  generally, 
it  means  those  who  are  not  chiefs.  Cuiius  tilikum,  common  or  in- 
significant persons ;  huloima  tilikum,  strangers ;  nika  tilikum,  my 
relations.     It  is  also  used  to  signify  a  tribe  or  band. 

Tir-i-kuxn-ma-ma,  n.  (Hale.)  Chinook,  TlkamAma.  A  father. 
The  word  is  not  in  use  in  Jargon. 

Till,  or  Tull,  adj.,  71.  English,  Tire.  Tired;  heavy;  weight;  a 
weight.  Ilyas  till  nika,  /  am  very  tired ;  kansih  till  okook,  how 
much  does  that  iveigh;  maraook  t'U,  to  weigh. 

Tin'-tin,  n.  By  onoma.  A  bell;  a  musical  instrument.  Mamook 
tintin,  to  ring  a  bell.  Among  the  Indians  round  tlie  Hudson  Bay 
Company's  posts,  the  hours  were  thus  known ;  as,  mokst  tintin 
kopet  sitkum  sun,  two  hours,  i.  e.,  two  bells  after  noon. 

T'kope,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     White;  light-colored. 

Tlehl.    See  Klale. 

Tl'kdpe,  V.    Chinook,  idem.     To  cut;  hetv;  chop. 

Toh,  or  Tooh.  By  onoma.  Mamook  toh,  to  spit.  A  manufac- 
tured word. 

Toke-tie,  adj.    Kalapuya.    Pretty.    Not  in  common  use. 

To'-lo,  V.  Kalapuya.  To  earn;  to  win  at  a  game ;  to  gain.  Kan- 
sih dolla  nika  tolo  spose  mamook  ?  how  many  dollars  will  I  earn 
if  I  work  ? 

To'-luks,  n.  Clallam,  Totuk.  The  mussel.  Used  on  Puget  Sound 
only. 

To-mol-la,  adv.  English,  To-morrow.  Ikt  tomolla,  or  copet  to- 
molla,  the  day  after. 

Tot,  n.     Chihalis,  Tot,  or  Tat.    An  uncle. 

To'-to,  V,  By  onoma.  Chinook,  Tokh-tokh.  To  shake;  sift  any 
thing;  winnow. 

To-toosh',  or  Ta-toosh',  n.  Chippeway,  Totosh.  (Schoolcraft.) 
The  breasts  of  a  female ;  milk.     Totoosh  lakles,  i?<^/er. 

To-wagh',  adj.     Chinook,  Tov/akh.     Bright;  shinijig ;  light. 

Tsee,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Sweet. 

Tsee'-pie,  v.  Kalapuya.  To  miss  a  mark ;  to  mistake  one's  road; 
to  make  a  blunder  in  speaking ;  to  err  or  blunder.  Tseepie  wayhut, 
to  take  the  wrong  road. 


PART    I.     CHINOOK P:NGLIS1I. 


27 


Dircclbj  ^  soon. 


Not  Jargon, 


Tshi'-ke,  adv.    (Hale.)    Qi^a;re  u,  d 

Tshis,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Cold.     Not  in  common  use. 

Tsi-at-ko,  n.  Chihalis,  Nisqually,  &c.,  idem ;  Clatsop,  Ecmiatki; 
A  nocturnal  demon,  much  feared  by  the  Inclians.  The  Skr.gits  give 
this  name  to  tlie  "  Couteaux,"  a  tribe  of  Indians  on  Frazer  River, 
of  whom  they  stand  in  like  awe. 

Tsik'-tsik,  or  Tchik'-tchik,  n.  By  onoma.  A  wagon;  a  cart ; 
a  wheel.     Tsiktsik  wayhut,  a  wagon-road. 

Tsil'-tsil,  or  Ohil'-cliil,  n.  Chinook,  Echilciiil.  (Anderson.) 
Buttons ;  the  stars. 

Tsish,  V.  By  onoma.,  in  imitation  of  the  sound  of  a  grindstone. 
(Shaw.)     Mamook  tsish,  to  sharjicn.     Of  local  use. 

Ts61e-pat,  n.     Klikatat.     A  shot-pouch.     Of  local  use  only. 

Tso'-lo,  n.  Kalapuya.  (Shaw.)  To  wander  in  the  dark;  to  lose 
one's  xoay.    Used  in  the  Willamette  valley. 

Tsugh,  n.,  V.  Chinook,  idem.  A  crack  or  S2^Ut.  Mamook  tsugli, 
to  siilit;  chahko  tsugli,  to  become  split  or  cracked,  as  by  the  heat 
of  the  sun  ;  mamook  tsugh  illahie,  is  by  some  used  instead  of  kliigh, 
for  to  plouf/h. 

Tsuk.     See  Chuck. 

Tuk-a-mo'-nuk,  or  Tak-a-mo'-nak,  adj.  Chinook,  Itakamonak. 
A  hunched.  It  is,  like  ten,  combined  with  the  digits ;  as,  icht,  moxt, 
klone  takamonak,  one  hundred,  two  hundred,  three  hundred,  «tc. 
Ilyas  takamonak,  or  tahtlclum  takamonak,  a  thousand. 

Tuk'-wil-la,  or  To'-kwil-la,  n.  Kalapuya.  The  hazel-nut ;  nuts 
generally. 

Tum'-tum,  n.  By  onoma.,  from  the  pulsations  of  the  heart.  (An- 
derson.) The  heart;  the  will;  opinion.  Mahsh  tumtum,  to  give 
orders;  mamook  tumtum,  to  make  vp  one's  mind ;  mnmook  closae 
tumtum,  to  make  friends  or  peace;  sick  i\\mi\x\a,  grief ;  jealousy ; 
moxt  tumtum  nika,  I  am  undecided,  i.e.,  I  have  tioo  wills.  Q,  Kah 
ncsika  klatawa?  where  shall  we  go?  A.  Mika  tumtum,  wherever 
you  please;  as  you  will.  Ikta  mika  tumtum?  what  do  you  think? 
Ilalo  tumtum,  without  a  will  of  one's  own,  as  a  child.  The  heart 
seems  to  be  generally  regarded  as  the  seat  of  the  mind  or  will. 

Tum-wa'-ta,  n.  Tum,  by  onoma. ;  English,  Water.  A  waterfall, 
cascade,  or  cataract.  Lewis  and  Clarke  give  Timm  as  used  by  the 
Indians  above  the  Dalles  of  the  Columbia  in  directing  them  to  the 
falls. 

Tup'-shin,  or  Tip '-sin,  v.    Chihalis,  Tupshin 
tipsin,  to  sew  ;  to  mend  ;  to  patch. 


A  needle.    Mamook 


28 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE  CHINOOK  JARGON. 


Tup-so,  or  Tip'-SO,  n.    Chinook,  Tepso,  a  leaf.     Grass;  leaves , 

fringe;  feathers;  fur.     Often  but  incorrectly  employed  for  Yakso, 

hair;  tipso  illabic,  ^rc^'n'e;  dely  tipso, /i«y. 
Ty'-ee,  n.,  adj.     Nootka,  Taiyi;   Tyee  (Jewitt).     A  chief.    Any 

tiling  of  superior  order.     Saghalie  tyee,  the  Deity ;  tyee  salmon, 

the  spring  salmon.     Toyon  is  given  by  some  of  the  northwestern 

voyagers  as  the  Eskimo  appellation  for  chief. 
Tzuxu,  n.,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Mixed  colors ;  spots  or  stripes;  a 

mark  or  figure;  writing;  paint;  painted.     Tzura  sill,  printed  calif  o; 

tzum  pchpa,  writing ;  mamook  tzum,  to  tvrite;  tzum  illahie,  blazed 

or  surveyed  land. 


W. 


Wagh,  V.  Chinook,  Wakii.  To  pour;  to  spill;  to  vomit.  Mamook 
wagh  chuck,  pour  out  some  ivuter. 

Wake,  ac^y.     Nootka,  Wik  (Jewitt) ;  Tokwaht,  Wek.     JVo;  not. 

Wa'-ki,  adv.     (Hale.)    Chinook,  Waki.     To-morrow.     Not  Jargon. 

Wap'-pa-tOO,  n.     Quaere  u.  d.     The  root  of  the  Sagitaria  sagitti- 
folia,  which  forms  an  article  of  food;    the  potato.    The  word 
neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis,  but  .'s  everywhere  in  common  use 

Wash,  V.     English,  idem.     Mamook  wash,  to  wash. 

Waum,  adj.  English,  Warm.  Hyas  waum,  hot;  waum  illahifc, 
summer;  mamook  waum,  to  heat;  waum-sick-cole-sick, /cwr  and 
ague. 

Wau'-wau,  v.,  n,  Nootka;  Nittinat,  Wawe.  To  talk;  speak; 
call;  ask;  tell;  answer;  talk  or  conversation.  Cultus  wauwau, 
idle  talk ;  stuff;  nonsense;  hyas  wauwau,  to  shout. 

Way '-hut,  Hweh'  kut,  or  Wee 'hut,  n.  Chinook,  Wfinur,  a 
road ;  Yakama,  Wiet,  far.  A  road  or  trail.  Tsik-tsik  wayhut,  a 
ivagnn-road.  About  Vancouver,  on  the  Columbia,  it  is  pronounced 
HwEiiKUT ;  on  Puget  Sound,  Weehut. 

Weght,  for?/.  Chinook,  idem.  Again ;  also ;  more.  Pc  nika  weght, 
and  I  too ;  pahtlatsh  weght,  give  me  some  more ;  tenas  wcght,  a 
little  more  yet. 

Whim,  f .  Wasco.  (Shaw.)  To  fell.  '^\\\m  ^\\ck,  a  fallen  tree ; 
mamook  whim  okook  stick, /eZ^  that  tree.  Also,  to  throw,  in  wrest 
ling.     Of  local  use  only. 

Win'-a-pie,  adv.  Nootka;  Nittinat,  Wilapi.  By-and-hye;  pres- 
ently; wait.  Of  local  use;  the  Chinook  Alki  being  more  com- 
mon. 


PART   I.     CHINOOK — KN0LI8II. 


29 


Wind,  or  Win,  n.  English,  idem.  Wind.  The  winds  are  often 
known  by  the  country  from  which  they  blow;  as,  for  instance,  oa 
the  Columbia,  an  easterly  is  a  Walla-walla  wind  ;  at  the  mouth  ol 
the  river,  a  southerly  is  a  Tilaraooks  wind,  &c.  Breath.  Ex.  Ilalo 
wind,  out  of  breath  ;  dead. 


Y. 

Yah'-hul,  n.     Chinook,  Yakhul  ;  Ebekiiol.     A  name.   Not  in  gon 
eral  use. 

Yah-ka,  or  Yok'-ka,  pron.    Chinook,  YAka.    He;   his;   him; 
she;  ity  &c. 

Yah'-kis-ilt'h,  adj.     Chinook,  Yakisilt'h.    Sharp.    Mr.  Anderson 
gives  as  the  original,  "  cutting^'' 

Yah'-wa,  adv.  Chinook,  Yawakh.  There;  thither;  thence;  be- 
yond. 

Yah'-'whnl.    Sec  Ayahwhul. 

Yak'-SO,  n.     Chinook,  idem.     The  hair  of  the  head  ;  hair  generally. 

Ya-kwah'-tin,  or  Kvrah'-tin,  n.  Chinook  and  Clatsop,  Yakwa- 
TiN.     The  belly ;  the  entrails. 

Yaub.    See  Lejaub. 

Yel'-a-kwat.    See  Kalakwahtie. 

Yi'-em,  v.,  n.  Chihalis,  Yaiem.  To  relate;  to  tell  a  story;  to  con- 
fess to  a  priest ;  a  story  or  tale. 

Youtl,  adj.  Quajre  Chihalis,  Eyutlh  ;  Nisqually,  Juil,  glad. 
Pleased;  proud;  (of  a  horse),  spirited.  Hyas  youtl  yakka  tum- 
tum,  his  heart  is  very  glad;  he  is  much  puffed  up. 

Youtl-kut,  arf/.,  n.  Chinook,  Y6tlkut.  Long  (in  dimension); 
length. 

Yout-skut,  or  Yutes'-kut,  adj.    Chinook,  Yutskuta.     Short  (in 

dimension). 
Y-salt'h,  or  Ye-salt'h.    See  E-salt'h. 

Yuk'-wa,  adv.  Chinook,  Yakwa.  Here;  hither;  this  side  of; 
this  way.    Yukwa  kopa  okook  house,  this  side  of  that  house. 


I  111 


FART  II. 


ENGLISH-CHI]SrOOK. 


PART  n.    ENGLISII-CIIIXOOK. 


Above,  suffh-a-lie. 
Absolve,  mam'-ook  stoh. 
Acorns,  kah-na-ivay. 
Across,  in'a-ti. 

Afraid,  kwass. 

After,  Afterwards,  kim'-ta. 

Again,  weffht. 

All,  kon'-a-way. 

Alms,  e'-la-han,  or  e-lann'. 

Also,  weyht. 

Although,  kegh-tchie. 

Always,  kivtih-nc-sum. 

American,  Boston. 

Amusement,  hee'-hee. 

And,  pee. 

Anger,  Angry,  soV-leks. 

Apple,  le  pome. 

Apron,  keh-su,  or  ki'-su. 

Arbutus  uva  ursi,  lahb. 

Arrive  at,  ko. 

Arrow,  ka-U'-tan. 
As  if,  kah-kwa  spose. 
At,  ko'-jya. 
Aunt,  kivaVh. 
Awl,  shoes  kecp'-wot. 
Axe,  la-hash'. 

B. 

Bad,  me-sdh-chie  ;  pe-shuk'. 

Bag,  le  sdk. 

Ball,  le  bal. 

Bargain,  mah-kook ;  huy-huy. 

Bark,  stick-skin. 

4 


Barrel,  ta-mo'-Utsh. 
Basket,  o'-pc-kvmn. 
Beads,  ka-mo'-suk. 
Bear  (Mack),  chet'-wootj   its'' 
U'oot/  (grizzlv),  si-ain'. 

Beat,  to,  ko  '-shut. 
Beaver,  ec'-na. 
Because,  kch-ioa. 
Become,  to,  chdh-ko. 
Bed,  hed. 

Before,  e'-Up,  or  el'-ip. 
Behind,  kim'-ta. 
Bell,  tin'-iin. 
Belly,  ya-kwah-tin. 
BelOW^,  kee'-kwil-lie. 
Belt,  la  san-jel'. 
Berries,  o'-Ul-Ue;  o'-lal-lie. 
Best,  e'-lip  closhe. 
Bird,  kal-lak' -a-la. 
Biscuit,  le  bis'-kioee. 
Bitter,  klihl. 

Black,  klale. 

Blackberries,  klik'-a-muks. 
Blanket,  pa-see'-sie. 
Blind,  ha'-lo  se-uh-host. 
Blood,  pil-pil. 
Blow  out,  mam'-ook  pok. 
Blue  (light),  spo'-oh. 

(dark),  klale. 

Blunder,  to,  tsee'-pie. 

Board,  la  plash. 

Boat,  boat. 

Bob-tailed ;     a   bob-tailed 

horse,  sis'-ki-you. 


84 


I'AUr    II.        ENOMSII — CHINOOK. 


Boil,  to,  li}>-lip. 
Bone,  tiiout'. 

Borrow,  to,  a-i/dh-whul. 
Bosom   (leiiiiilo),   to-tooah. 
Both,  kun'-a-moxt. 
Bottle,  la-hou-ti. 
Bow,  o'-pitl-ki'i/h. 
Bowl,  ous'-kitn. 
Box,  la  ca-sett'. 

Bracelet,  klik'-wal-lle. 
Brave,  skoo'-kum  tum'-tum. 
Bread,  le  jxm. 
Break,  to,  kok'-shut. 
Breasts,  to-toosh'. 
Breech  clout,  o'-poois  sill. 
Bridle,  la  bleed. 
Bright,  to-watjh. 

Broad,  klak-alh'. 

Broom,  hloom. 

Brother,  ku/ip-ho,  if  elder  tlian 

the  speiikcr;   ow,  if  younger. 

Male  cousins  tlie  same. 
Brother-in-law,  ck'-keh. 
Bucket,  ta-mo'-lUsh. 
Buffalo,  mvos'-moos. 
Bullet,  Ic  hid  •  ka-li'-tan. 
Bundle,  kuw. 
But,  pe. 

Butter,  to-toosh'  la-kles'. 
Buttons,  tsil'-tsil. 
Buy,  to,  mah-kook. 
By-and-by,  win'-a-pie. 

C. 

Candle,  la  shan-deV. 
Carrot,  la  ca-latf. 
Carry,  to,  lo'  lo. 
Cart,  tsik'-tsik  •  chik'-chik. 
Cascade,  turn!  wu-ttr. 
Castrate,  to,  maksh  stone. 


Cat,  piiss'-j)iiss. 

Cataract,  turn'  wa-icr. 

Cattle,  inoos'-moos. 

Certainly,  na-ivii'-ka. 

Chain,  la  alien  ^'  chik'a-viin  lope. 

Chair,  la  shune. 

Cheat,  to,  la-lah. 

Chicken,  la  pool. 

Chief,  tij-e'^'. 

Child,  ten' -us. 

Clams,    o'-na/    luk'-ut-chee  J  la- 

kivit'-chee. 
Clams,  the  hvrgc  kind,  stnet-ocks, 
Clear  up,  to,  chdh-ko  klah. 
Cloth  (cotton),  sail. 
Clouds,  smoke. 
Coat,  ca-po. 
Coifee,  kau'-p;/. 
Cold,  cole  •  tnhis. 
Comb,  comb. 

Comb,  to,  mam'-ook  comb. 
Come,  to,   chdh-ko. 
Confess,  to,  yi'-em. 
Conjuring,   ta-mdh-no-us. 
Cook,  to,  mam'-ook  pi'-ah. 
Copper,  pil  chik'-a-min. 
Cord,  ten' -as  lope. 
Corn,  c-naWh',  or  ye-saUh'. 
Corral,  kul-ldr/h. 
Cotton  goods,  sail. 
Cough,  hoh'-hoh. 
Count,  to,  mam'-ook  kwnn'-nun 
Cousin,  see  brother  and  sister. 
Coyote,   tal'-a-pus. 
Crab  apple,  pow'-itsh. 
Cranberry,  so'-le-mie. 
Crazy,  pel'-ton. 
Cream-colored,  le  clem. 
Crooked,  ki'-wa. 

Cross,  la  clo-a'. 
Crow,  kdh  kah. 


PAUT    II. 


LNGMSII — t  IlINdcK. 


85 


n. 


Cry,  to,  rhj.  Earth,  il'-la-hk. 

Cup,  oos' -kiin.  Eat,  to,  muck'it-mvck. 

Curly,  hitnl'.kih.  Egg.  le  uri/)' ;  Ic  zrp'. 

Cut,  to,  U'ko'-ije.  Eight,  sto'-h-kin. 

Ellc,   tiioo'-lock. 
I),  Enclosure,  kaluo;h. 

English,  ) 

Dance,  to,  tar,se.  Englishman,    \  ''"'•'  ''"'"'''^* 

Dark,  darkness,  po'-luk-llc     Enough,  /il-i/u';  ko-pei'. 


Day,  sun. 

Dead,  mem'-a-loost. 

Deaf,  ik-poo'-ie  kwil-lan. 

Dear,  hy'-as  muh-kouk. 

Deep,  klip. 

Deer,  motv'-Ush. 

Demon,  skoo'-kum. 

Devil,  di-auh' ;  ynnh;  le-jaub'. 

Different,  Iml-o'-i-ma. 

Difficult,  ktilt. 

Dig,  to,  mam'-ook  il'-la-kie. 

Dime,  bit^  or  mit. 

Do,  to,  mam'-ook. 

Doctor,  doc'-tin. 

Dog,  kam'-ooks. 

Dollar,  dol'-la,  or  t&h-la. 

Door,  la.  po'te. 

Down  stream,  mi'-mic. 

Drink,  to,  muck'-n-muck. 

Drive,  to,  kish'-kish. 

Drunk,  pdht-lum. 

Dry,  de-bj'. 


Entrails,  ki-i/aifh. 
Evening,  ten' ./«  2Jo'-lak-lie. 
Every,  kon'-n-waij. 

Exchange,  hinj-huij. 

Eyes,  SL-dh-hast. 

F. 

Face,  sc-dh-host. 

Faded,  upo'-oh. 

Falsehood,  klim-in'-a-whit. 

Far,  si-dh. 

Fast  (quick),  hy-ak'. 

Fast  (tight),  kwutl. 

Fasten,  to,  kow. 

Fat,  glcase. 

Father,  pa'-pa. 

Fathom,  it'-lan. 

Fear,  kwass. 

Fell,  to  (as  a  tree),  mam'-ook 
whim. 

Fence,  kul-ldgh. 
Duck    (Mallard),    kwih-kweh ;     Fetch,  to,  mam'-ook  chdh-ko. 

hdht-haht.  Fever,  waum  sick. 

Dust,  po'-lal-Ue.  Few,  ten'-as. 

Fight,  to,  mam'-ook  sol'-leks. 
J]^  Fight,  with  fists,  mam'-ook 

puk'-puk. 
Eagle,  chak'-chak.  Figured  (as  calico),  tzum. 

Ear,  kwo-lann'.  File,  la  Icem. 

Early,  ten'-as  sun.  Fill,  to,  mam'-ook  pahtl. 

Earn,  to,  to'-lo  Find,  to,  Map. 


86 


PART   11.       ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


Fingers,  le  doo. 

Fire,  pi'-ah;  o-la-pits'-ki. 

First,  e'-Up,  or  cl'-ip. 

Fish,  pish. 

Fish-hook,  ik'-kik. 

Five,  kwin'-num. 

FleSL,  so'-pen  e'-na-poo  ;  cho'-tub. 

Flesh,  itl'-wil-Ue. 

Flint,  kil-it'-sut. 

Flour,  saji'-o-Ull. 

Fly,  to,  ka-wak'. 

Fog,  smoke. 

Food,  muck'-a-muck. 

Fool,  pel'-ton. 

Foolish,  pd'-ton. 

Foot,  le-pee'. 

Forever,  kwdh-ne-sum. 

Forget,  to,  mdh-Ue. 

Fork,  la  poo-xhet'. 

Formerly,  dhn-kut-te,  or  dhn- 

kot-tie. 
Four,  lak'-it,  or  lok'-it. 
Fowl,  la  pool. 

French,  Frenchman,  pa-si'- 

oaks. 
Friend,  sikhs,  or  shikhs. 
Frog,  shwdh-kuk. 
Fry,  to,  mam'-ook  la  po-cV. 

Frying-pan,  la  po-el'. 

Full,  pahtl. 

Fundament,  o'-poots. 

G. 

Gallop,  to,  kwa-lal'-kwa-laV. 

Gather,  to,  ho'-ku-melh. 

Get,  to,  is'-kum. 

Get  out,  mahsh. 

Get  up,  fjvt-up\  or  ket-op'. 

Ghost,  nkoo'kum. 

Gift,  cul'-tus  pot'-latch. 


Give,  to,  pot'-latch. 

Glad,  kwann. 

Go,  to,  klat'-a-wa. 

God,  sdffh-a-lie  ty-ee'. 

Gold,  pil  chik'-a-min. 

Good,  klose,  or  kloshe. 

Good-bye,  kla-how'-ya. 

Goods,  ik'-tuh. 

Goose,     whuy'-whuy ;    kal-ak-a- 

Idh-ma. 
Grandfather,  chope. 
Grandmother,  chitsh. 
Grease,  la-klcs' ;  glease. 
Green,  pe-chugh'. 
Grey ;  a  grey  horse,  le  gley. 
Grizzly  bear,  si-am'. 

Ground,  il'-la-hie. 

Gun;  musket,  suk'-wa-lal. 

H. 

Hair,  yak'-so. 
Half,  sii'-kum. 

Hammer,  le  mdh-to. 
Hand,  le  mdh. 
Hand  (game  of),  it'-lo-kum. 
Handkerchief,  hak' -at-shum. 
Hard,  kail. 

Hare,  kwit'-ahad-ie. 
Harrow,  to,  mam'-ook  comb  il'- 
la-hie. 
Hat,  se-dh-po;  se-dh-pult. 
Haul,  haul. 

Hazel-nuts,  tuk'-wil-la. 
He,  his,  ydh-ka. 
Head,  la  tet. 
Heart,  tum'-tum. 
Heaven,  sdyh-il-lie  il'-la-hie. 
Heavy,  till. 

Help,  to,  mam'-ook  e-lann'. 
Here,  yuk'-wa. 


PART   II.     KNGLI3II — CHINOOK. 


37 


1        ^ 


Hermaphrodite,  hur'-dash.     Knotty,  hnnl'-kih 
Hide,  to,  tjf'-soo/. 
High,  sdfjh-a-lie. 
Hit,  to,  kwuPh. 


Know,  to,  kum'-tuks. 

L. 


Hoe,  la  pe-osh'. 
Hog,  co'-sho. 
Hole,  kla-whap'. 
Holiday,  sunday. 
Horn,  stone. 
Horse,  k'm'-a-tan. 
House,  house. 
How,  kdh-ta 


T,amft,  klook  te-dh-ioit. 

Ijamprey  eel,  skwak'-wal. 
Language,  la  lam. 
Large,  hiz-as'. 
Lately,  chee. 
Laughter,  hee'-hee. 
Lazy,  la^!/. 


How  are  you,  kla-how' -ya.       Leap,  to,  so'-pe-na. 
How  many,  kun'-sih;  kun'-     Leaf,  tnp'-so,  or  lip' -so. 


juk. 
Hundred,  tuk-a-mo' -nuk. 

Hungry,  o'-lo. 
Hurry,  howh;  hy-ak'. 

I. 

I,  ni-ka. 

If,  spose. 

In,  ko'-pa. 

Indian,  si'-wash. 

In  shore,  indht-w'd-lle. 

Iron,  chik' -a-min. 

It,  ydh-ka. 

J. 

Jealous,  sick  tmn'-tum. 
Jump,  to,  so'-pe-na. 

K. 

Kam-ass  root,  la'-ka-mass. 
Kettle,  kit -ling. 
Kick,  to,  ckuk'-kln. 
Kiss,  to  kiss,  be'-be. 
Knife,  o'-pit-sah. 
Knock,  to,  ko'-ko. 


Lean,  to,  layh. 
Leave,  to,  inahsh. 

Leave  off,  to,  ko-pet'. 

Leg,  tc-dh-ivil. 

Leggings,  mi-Uiss'. 

Lend,  to,  a-ydh-whul. 
Lick,  to,  kluk'-wun. 
Lie,  to,  Mlm-iii'-a-wUt. 
lake,  kdh-kwa. 
Like,  to,  tik-eyh. 
Iiittle,  ten'-as. 
Long,  youtl'-kut. 

Long   ago,   dhn-kut-te,  or   dhn- 
kot-tie. 

IjOOk,  to,  nan'itsh. 

Look  here!  nah. 

Look  out!  klose  nan'-itsh. 

Looking-glass,  shc-lok'-um. 

Loose,  stoh. 

Lose  the  way,   to,  tso'-lo; 

tsee-pie'  way -hut. 
Louse,  e'-na-poo,  or  in'-a-2>oo. 
Love,  to,  tik-eyh. 

M. 

Hilagic,  ta-indh-no-u8. 


38 


PART   II.       ENGLISH — CUINOOK. 


IHake,  to,  mam'-ook. 
Man,  man. 
Many,  hy-iu'. 
Marry,  to,  mal-i-eh. 
Mass  (Cfircmony  of),  la  mense. 
Mast,  ship  stick. 
Mat,  klis'-kioiss. 
Mattock,  la  pe-osh'. 
Measure,  to,  tah'-nim. 
Meat,  itl'-wil-lie. 
Medicine,  la  mes'-Un. 
Mend,  to,  mam'-ook  tip'-shin. 

Menstruate,  to,  mahish  pil'- 

pil. 

Metal,  metallic,  chik'-a-min. 
Middle,  the,  kat'-suk,  or  kot'- 

suk. 
Midnight,  sit'-kum  po'-hk-Ue. 
Milk,  to-toosh\ 
Mill,  moo'-la. 
Mind,  the,  tum'-tum. 
Miss,  to,  tsee'-pie. 
Mistake,  to,  tsee'-pie. 
Moccasins,  skin-shoes. 
Molasses,  mel-ass'. 
Money,  chik'-a-min. 
Month,  moon. 
Moon,  moon. 
More,  weght. 
Mosquito,  mcl'-a-kwa. 
Mother,  mama  ;  na'-ah. 
Mountain,  la  mon'-ti. 
Mouse,  hool'-hool. 
Mouth,  la  boos. 
Much,  hy-ia'. 
Mule,  le  mel. 
Musical  Instrument,  tin'- 

tin. 
Musket,  musket. 
Mussels,  to'-luks. 
My,  mine,  nl'-ka. 


Nails,  Ic  cloo. 

Name,  «e?ny  yah-hul. 

Near,  ivake  si-ah. 

Neck,  Ic  cou. 

Needle,  kcep'-wot. 

New,  chee. 

Night,  po'-lak-lie. 

Nine,  kwaist,  or  kweest. 

No,  not,  tvake. 

Noise,  la  tluh. 

None,  ha'-lo. 

Nonsense,  cul'-tus  wau'-wau. 

Noon,  sit-kum  sicn. 

Nose,  nose. 

Notwithstanding,  kec/h-tchie 

Now,  al'-ta. 

Nimierals — 

1,  ikt. 

2,  mokst. 

3,  klone. 

4,  lakit. 

5,  kwinnum, 

6,  taijhum. 

•?,  sinnamokst. 

8,  stotekin, 

9,  kwaist. 

10,  tahtlelum. 

11,  tahtlelum  pe  ikt 
20,  mokst  tahtlelum. 

100,  ikt  takumoniik. 
Nuts,  tuk'-wil-la. 

0. 

Oak,  kull  stick. 

Oar,  la  lahm  ^  la  lum. 

Oats,  la  wen, 

OS,  Iclak. 

Off  shore,  muht-Un-nie 


PART   n.       ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


89 


Oil,  glease. 
Old,  o'-le-man. 
Old  man,  o'-le-man. 
Old  'Woman,  lam'-mi-eh. 
One,  ikt. 

One-eyed,  ikt  se-&h-host. 
Open,  hah-lakl. 
Opposite  to,  in'-a-ti. 
Or,  pe. 

Order,  to,  mahsh  tum'-tum. 
other,  hul-o'-i-ma. 
otter  (land),  ne-mam'-ooks. 
Our,  ne-si'-ka. 
Out  doors,  kldgh-a-nie. 
Ox,  moos'-moos. 
Oyster,    c?-H'-Io,    or   jet'-lo; 
kl6gh-klogh.  ■ 

P. 

Paddle,  a,  is'-kk. 

Paddle,  to,  mam'-ook  is'-ick. 

Paint,  pent. 

Paint,  to,  mam'-ook  pent. 

Paper,  peh-pah. 

Peas,  le  pwau. 

People,  til'-i-kum. 

Perhaps,  klo-nas'. 

Petticoat,  kal-a-kwah'-tie. 

Piebald,  le  kye. 

Pin,  kwek' -wi-en^ 

Pipe,  la  peep. 

Pitch,  la  gome. 

Plate,  la  si-eV. 

Pleased,  youtl. 

Plough,  U  shal-loo'. 

Plough,  to,  klugh  iV -la-hie. 

Pole,  ^«  pehsh. 

Poor,     kla  \ow'-yim;     ha'-lo 

ik'-ta. 
Pork,  co'-sho. 


Posteriors,  o'-pools. 
Potato,  wap'-pa-too. 
Pour,  to,  wagk. 
Powder,  po'-lal-Ue. 

Prairie  wolf,  tal'-a-pus. 
Presently,  al'-kie;  win'-a-pie 
Pretty,  to'ke-tk. 
Priest,  le  plet. 
Proud,  youtl;  kioetVh. 
Provided  that,  spose. 
Pull,  haul. 


Q. 


Quarter,  ten' -as  sit'-kum. 
Quarter  (of  a  dollar),  kivah-k' 
Quick,  hy-ak'. 
Quills,  te-peh. 

R. 

Rabbit,  kwU'-shad-ie. 
Rain,  snass. 
Rattle,  shiigh. 
Rattlesnake,  shugho'-poots. 
Razor  fish,  o'-na. 
Reach,  ko. 
Red,  pil. 

Relate,  to,  yi'-em. 
Return,  to,  kel'-i-pi. 
Ribbon,  le  lo'-ba. 
Rice,  lice. 
Ride,  cal'-li-pcen. 
Ring,  a,  kweo-kweo. 
Ripe,  pi'-ah. 
River,  chuck. 

Road,  way'-hnt. 

Roan  colored,  san'-de-Ue. 

Roast,  mam'-ook  la  pel-lah 

Rock,  stone. 

Rope,  lope. 


40 


PART   II.       ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


Rotten,  poo'-lie.  , 

Round,  lo'-lo. 
Rudder,  boat  o'-poots. 
Rum,  I  urn. 

S. 

Sack,  le  saL 

Saddle,  la  sell. 

Saddle  housings,  le  piah'-e- 

mo. 
Sail,  sail. 
Sailor,  ship'-man, 
Salmon,  salmon. 
Salt,  salt. 
Sand,  po'-lal-lie. 
Sash,  la  san-jel'. 
SaTV,  la  gwin ;  la  scie. 
Say,  to,  wau'-wau. 
Scissors,  le  see'-zo. 
Sea,  salt-chuck. 
Seal,  ol'-hi-yu  si'-wash  co'-sho. 
See,  to,  nan'-itsh. 
Sell,  to,  mdh-kook. 
Seven,  sin'-a-moxt. 
Sew,  to,  mam'-ook  tip'-shin. 
Shake,  to,  to-to ;  hul'-lcl. 
Shame,  shem. 
Sharp,  ydh-kis-ilCh. 
Sharpen,  to,  manC-ook  tsisl. 
She,  her,  yah-ka. 
Sheep,  le  moo'-to. 
Shell  money  (the  small  size), 

coDp-CDop ;  (the  large),  hy-kwa. 
Shingle,  le-bdh-do. 
Shining,  to-wdgh. 
Ship,  lihjp. 
Shirt,  >?hat. 
Shoes,  shoes. 
Shoot,  to,  mam'-ook  poo. 
Short,  yutes-kut. 


Shot,  shot;  ten' -as  le  bul. 
Shot    pouch,   ka-li-tan  le-sac' / 

tsole'-pat. 
Shout,  to,  hy'-as  wau'-wau. 
Shovel,  la  pell. 
Shut,  to,  ik-poo'-ie. 
Sick,  sick. 
Sift,  to,  to-to. 

Silk,  la  swuy. 

Silver,  t'kope  chik'-a-min. 

Similar,  kdh-kwa. 

Since,  kim-ta. 

Sing,  to,  shan'-tie. 

Sister,  kdhp-ho,  if  older  than  the 

speaker;  o<.<f,  if  younger. 
Sit,  to,  mit'-lite. 
Six,  togh-um. 
Skin,  skin. 
Skunk,  hum  o'-poots ;  piu'-piu/ 

skub'-e-you. 
Sky,  koo'-sagh. 
Slave,  e-U'-te  ;  mist' -shi-mus. 
Sleep,  mon'-sam. 
Si'owly,  kldh-wa. 
Small,  ten'-as. 
Smell,  a,  humm. 
Smoke,  smoke. 
Snake,  o'-luk. 

Snow,  snoiv ;  cole  snass. 

Soap,  soap. 

Soft,  klim'-min. 

Sorrel  colored,  a  sorrel  horse, 

le  Mail. 
Sorry,  sick  tum'-ium. 
Sour,  kwates. 

Spade,  la  pell. 

Speak,  to,  tvau'-wau. 
Spill,  to,  tvagh. 

Spirits,  lu7n. 

Split,   tsiigh. 

Split,  to,  mam'-ook  tsugh. 


PART   II.     ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


41 


Spectacles,  dol'-la  se-6f/h-ost,  *] 

or  lak-it  se-agh-ost. 
Spit,  to,  rmm'-ook  toh.  Table,  /«  tahb. 

Split,  to  become,  chdh-ko    Tail,  o'-poots. 


tsugh. 
Spoon,  sjwon. 
Spotted,  le  hi  ;  tzum. 
Spurs,  le  see'-blo. 
Squirrel,  skwis'-kwis. 
Stab,  to,  ktem'-a-hun. 
Ctand,  to,  mil' -whit. 
Stars,  tsit'-tsU. 
Stay,  to,  mit'-lite. 
Steal,  to,  kap-su-al-lu. 
steam,  smoke. 
steamer,  pi'-ah  ship. 
stick,  a,  stick. 
Stink,  a,  piu-piu ;  humm. 
Stirrup,  sii'-lay. 


Take,  to,  is'-him. 

Take  care!  Hose  nan'-itsh. 

Take    off,    or   out,   mam'-ook 

klak  ;  vwhsh. 
Tale,  or  story,  yi'-em ;  eh-kdh- 

nam. 
Talk,  to,  wau'-wau. 
Tame,  kwass. 
Tea,  tea. 

Teach,  to,  mam'-ook  kum'-tuks. 
Tear,  to,  klugh. 
Teeth,  le  i&h. 
Tell,  to,  wau'-wau. 
Ten,  (aht-le-lum. 
Testicles,  stotte. 


Stockings,  stock'-en;  kush-is'.    Thank  you,  mdh-sie. 


Stone,  stone. 
Stop,  to,  ko-pet'. 
Store,  mdh-kook  house. 
Story,  eh-kdh-nam. 
Straight,  de-ldte,  or  de-let'; 
si'-pah. 

Strawberries,  a-mo'-te. 
Strong,  skoo'-kum. 
Sturgeon,  stutch'-un. 


That,  o'-koke. 

That  way,  ydh-wa. 

There,  ydh-wa;  ko-pdh. 

They,  klas'-ka. 

Thick  (as  molasses),  pit'-lilh. 

Thin   (as  a  board),  p'chih ;  pe- 

what' -tie. 
Thing,  ik!-tah. 
This,  o'-koke. 


Sugar,  le  sook;  shu'-gah  ;  shu'-    This  way,  yuk'-um. 


kwa. 
Summer,  wau7n  H'-la-hie. 
Sun,  sun;  ote-lagh. 
Sunday,  sunday. 
Sunset,  klip  sun. 
Suppose,  spose. 


Thou,  thy,  thine,  mi'-ka. 
Thread,  hU-jnte. 
Three,  khne. 
Throw  away,  mahsh. 
Tide,  see  chuck. 
Tie,  to,  koro. 
Tight,  kwutl. 


Swan,  kdh-loKe. 

Sweep,  to,  mam'-ook  bloom.     Tinware,  ma-ldh. 
Sweet,  tsee.  Tip,  to,  hgh. 

Swim,  sll'-shum  Tired,  till. 

To,  towards,  ko'-pa. 


42 


PART   II.       ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


Tobacco,  ki-nootl ;  ki'-noos. 

To-morrow,  to-mol'-la. 

Tongue,  la  lang. 

Trail,  way'-hat. 

Trap,  la  piet^e. 

Tree,  stick. 

Tree,  fallen,  ivhim  stick. 

Trot,  to,  teh-teh. 

Trowsers,  sa-kol'-cks. 

True,  de-ldte. 

Truth,  de-ldte  wau'-toau. 

Tub,  ta-ino' -litsk. 

Twine,  ten' -us  lope;  kla-pite. 

Two,  twice,  mokst. 

u. 

Uncle,  tot. 
Under,  kee'-kwil-Ue. 
Understand,  to,  kum'-tuks. 
Unhappy,  sick  tum'-tum. 
Untamed,  le-mo'-lo. 
Untie,    to,     mam'-ook    stoh ; 

viahsh  kow. 
Up,  sdgh-a-Ue. 
Upset,  to,  keV-i-pi. 
Us,  ne-si'-ka. 

V. 

Venereal,  the,  pi'-ak  sick. 
Venison,  mow'-itsh. 
Very,  hy-as'. 
Vessel,  ship. 
Vest,  la  west. 
Vomit,  to,  waffh. 

w. 

Wagon,  tsik'-tsik;  chik'-chtk. 
Wander,  to,  tso'-lo.    « 


Want,  to,  tik-eyh. 

Warm,  waum. 

Wash,  to,  mam'-ook  wash. 

Watch,  a,  tik'-tik. 

Water,  chuck. 

Waterfall,  tum'-water. 

We,  ne-si'-ka. 

Weigh,  to,  mam'-ook  till. 

Wet,  pahtl  chuck. 

Whale,     eh'-ko-lie;     k:i  dh-nice , 

kwad'-dis. 
What,  ik'-tah. 
Wheat,  sap'-o-lill. 
Wheel,  tsik'-tsik;  chik'-chik. 
When,  kan'-sih;  kun-juk. 
Where,  kah. 
Whip,  le  whet. 
White,  t'kope. 
Who,  klak'-sta. 

Whole,  lo'-lo. 

Why,  kdh-ta. 
Wicked,  me-sah-chie. 
Wide,  kluk-ulh'. 
Wild,  le  mo'-lo. 
Will,  the,  tum'-tum. 
Willow,  ee'-nastick. 
Win,  to,  to'-lo. 
Wind,  wind. 
Winter,  cole  il'-la-hie. 
Wipe,  to,  klak'-wun. 
Wire,  chik'-a-min  lope. 
Wish,  to,  tik-eyh. 
With,  ko'-pa. 
Without,  ha'-lo. 
Wolf,  le-loo. 
Woman,  klootsh'-man. 
Woman  (old),  lam'-mi-eh. 
Wood,,  wooden,  stick. 

Work,  to,  mam'-ook. 
Worn  out,  o-le-man. 

Worthless,  cul'-tus. 


PART  II.       ENGLISH — CUINOOK. 


48 


Wound,  to,  klcm'-a-hun.  YelloW,  kaw'-ka-wah 

-Write,  \o,  mam' -ookpeh-pah;  Yea,  dh-ha;  e-eh. 

raam'-ook  tzum.  Yes  indeed,  na-uni'-ka. 

Writing,  tzum.  Yesterday,    tah^.k^e;    tahl-kte 

sun. 

Y  You,    your,    yours,    me-si- 
^*  ka. 

Yezx,  ikt  cole.  Young,  <m'-a». 


I    : 


TUE  LORD'S  PRAYER  l^  JARGON. 


Ncsika  papa   klaksta  initlite  kopa    saglialie,    kloshe  kopa  ncsika 
Our      liillior       wlio       stiiyutli       in      tlie  above,      good        in        our 

tumtum    iiiika    ncni ;   kloslie  mika  tyce    kopa     konaway  tilikuiu ; 

henrts  (l)o)       tliy      name ;     good      thou     chief    among  all  people ; 

kloshe  mika  tumtum  kopa  illaliic,  kalikwa  kopa   saglialie.     PotlatcU 
good      thy         will        upon     eartli         as  in       the  above.  Give 

konaway  sun  ncsika  nuickamuck.    Spose  ncsika  mamook  masalicbie, 
every      day      our  food.  If  we  do  ill, 

wake    mika  liyas    sollcks,    pc    sposc    klaksta    masabchie    kopa 
(be)  not     thou     very      angry,      and       if 


any  one 

• 


evil 


towards 


ncsika,   wake  ncsika  sollcks    kopa     klaska.       Mahsh       siah    kopa 
us  not         wo         angry     towards     them.       Send  away      far       from 


ncsaika  konaway  masalichie. 
us  all  evil. 


Kloshe  kahkwa. 


t 


■'M 


^ 


